340 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
340 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
# ViperOS
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[English](#english) | [中文](#中文)
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A bare-metal 64-bit operating system written in the [Viper](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/TransPyC) language. Boots via UEFI, ships a self-implemented FAT32 driver, runs ELF-format user applications, and includes a complete user-space SDK.
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用 [Viper](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/TransPyC) 语言编写的裸机 64 位操作系统。UEFI 启动、自研 FAT32 驱动、运行 ELF 格式用户程序，配套完整的用户态 SDK。
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---
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<a id="中文"></a>
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## 中文
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### 这是什么
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`ViperOS` 是 Viper 语言的旗舰演示项目：**一个完整可启动的操作系统**。和"Linux 发行版"或"教学用 mini-OS"不同，ViperOS 用 Viper 写一切——内核、设备驱动、用户程序、库、SDK 都用同一种语言（Viper 的 Python 语法 + LLVM 后端）。
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主要组成：
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- **VKernel** —— 64 位微内核（x86_64-none-elf 目标）
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- **UEFI 引导器** —— `boot/boot.c`（GNU-EFI 编译为 `disk/EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi`）
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- **FAT32 驱动** —— 自研实现，支持挂载、目录、文件操作
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- **4 个用户应用** —— HelloWorld / Terminal / Gargantua / Scene3D
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- **2 个动态库** —— SerialLogger / VPUI64
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- **ViperPOS SDK** —— 用户态开发库（系统调用、窗口、文件系统、进程）
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### 目录结构
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```
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ViperOS/
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├── .gitignore # 忽略所有 output/、temp/、构建产物
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├── build.py # 顶层构建入口：构建→打包→启动 QEMU
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├── linker.ld # 顶层链接脚本
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├── boot/ # UEFI 引导器
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│ ├── Makefile
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│ └── boot.c
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├── VKernel/ # 内核
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│ ├── project.json # 内核构建配置
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│ ├── linker.ld
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│ └── Kernel/
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│ ├── main.py # 内核入口
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│ ├── bootinfo.py
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│ ├── drivers/ # 驱动
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│ │ ├── core/cpu/ # APIC、CPU、FPU
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│ │ ├── devfs/ # 设备文件系统
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│ │ ├── fs/fat32/ # FAT32 驱动（自研）
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│ │ ├── input/ # 键盘、鼠标
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│ │ ├── serial/ # 8250 UART
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│ │ ├── storage/ # IDE
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│ │ ├── usb/ # USB HID / UHCI
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│ │ └── video/ # VESA Framebuffer + UI
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│ ├── execrunner/ # ELF 加载器
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│ ├── intr/ # 中断子系统（GDT/IDT/ISR/Syscall）
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│ ├── mm/ # 内存管理
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│ ├── paging/ # 分页
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│ ├── sched/ # 协程、进程、调度
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│ ├── services/ # 内核服务
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│ └── platform/ # 平台相关（PIC/PIT/RTC/Timer）
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├── Apps/ # 用户应用（每个子目录一个独立 ELF）
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│ ├── HelloWorld/
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│ ├── Terminal/
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│ ├── Gargantua/
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│ └── Scene3D/
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├── Libs/ # 动态库（每个子目录一个 .so）
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│ ├── SerialLogger/
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│ └── VPUI64/
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├── vpsdk/ # ViperPOS SDK（应用开发用）
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│ ├── __init__.py
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│ ├── stdlib.py
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│ ├── syscall.py
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│ ├── window.py
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│ ├── vpui.py
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│ ├── fs.py
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│ ├── process.py
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│ ├── dynlib.py
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│ └── wiki/ # SDK 自带 wiki
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├── Scripts/
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│ ├── check_disk.py
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│ ├── disk.ps1 # ImDisk 打包 FAT32 镜像
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│ └── disk.sh # Linux 等价脚本
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└── disk/ # 被打包进 disk.img 的文件
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├── EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi
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├── app/helloworld.asm
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├── apps/ # .elf 拷贝目标（构建时填充）
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├── libs/ # .so 拷贝目标（构建时填充）
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└── sys/kernel/x86_64/kernel.bin
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```
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### 前提条件
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| 工具 | 说明 |
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|------|------|
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| `python` ≥ 3.10 | 运行 TransPyC 编译器 |
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| `llc` | LLVM 静态编译器 |
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| `ld.lld` | LLD 链接器（裸机版本） |
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| `qemu-system-x86_64` | QEMU 模拟器 |
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| `imdisk` | Windows 下创建/挂载磁盘镜像的驱动；Linux 平台用 `disk.sh` 替代 |
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| `gnu-efi` 工具链 | 编译 UEFI 引导器（`boot/boot.c`） |
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| [TransPyC](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/TransPyC) | 编译器，**必须克隆在与 ViperOS 同级的目录** |
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目录布局要求：
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```
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D:\Users\TermiNexus\Desktop\TransPyC\
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├── TransPyC\ # 编译器仓库
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├── ViperOS\ # 本仓库
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└── ViperTemplateProject\
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```
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### 快速开始
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```powershell
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# 1. 在 ViperOS 目录下直接运行
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cd D:\Users\TermiNexus\Desktop\TransPyC\ViperOS
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# 2. 完整构建并启动 QEMU
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python build.py
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# 3. 串口日志写入 serial.log
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```
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`build.py` 会自动完成：
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1. 调用 `Projectrans.py` 编译 VKernel → `VKernel/output/kernel.bin`
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2. 编译 2 个动态库（SerialLogger、VPUI64）
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3. 编译 4 个应用（HelloWorld、Terminal、Gargantua、Scene3D）
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4. 拷贝所有产物到 `disk/apps/`、`disk/libs/`、`disk/sys/kernel/x86_64/`
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5. 调用 `Scripts/disk.ps1` 创建 64MB FAT32 镜像 `disk.img`
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6. 启动 QEMU（TCG 加速、`-no-reboot` 防止三重错误后重启）
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退出 QEMU 后查看 `serial.log` 可看到内核启动日志。
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### 常用构建参数
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```powershell
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python build.py --noclean # 不清缓存，保留 temp/ 加速二次构建
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python build.py --kernel-only # 只重编译内核，跳过应用和库
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```
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⚠ 不支持 `--noqemu`（`build.py` 第 76 行注释明确"不准使用 --noqemu"）。
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### 添加新应用
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1. 在 `Apps/` 下新建目录，例如 `Apps/MyApp/`
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2. 创建 `App/MyApp/main.py`（参考 `Apps/HelloWorld/main.py`）
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3. 创建 `App/MyApp/project.json`（参考 `Apps/HelloWorld/project.json`，注意 `triple = "x86_64-none-elf"`、`linker` 用 `ld.lld` 输出 `.elf`）
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4. 在 `build.py` 中追加构建 + 拷贝命令
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5. 在 `disk/apps/MyApp/` 目录放应用需要的资源（运行时通过 vpsdk 访问）
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### 添加新驱动
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在 `VKernel/Kernel/drivers/<子系统>/<设备>/` 下添加 `<设备>.py`，参考 `fs/fat32/fat32.py`（最大的驱动，自研 FAT32 完整实现）。在 `VKernel/Kernel/main.py` 中注册驱动初始化。
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### 平台说明
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| 平台 | 状态 |
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|------|------|
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| Windows 10/11 + mingw + QEMU | ✅ 主平台，CI 测试覆盖 |
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| Linux x86_64 + clang + QEMU | ⚠ 理论可用，需把 `build.py` 改用 `disk.sh`，ld.lld 用系统 lld |
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| macOS | ❌ 未测试 |
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| 真实硬件 | ❌ 暂未支持（仅 UEFI x86_64） |
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### 调试
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- **QEMU 串口日志**：`build.py` 启动时把 `-serial file:serial.log`，所有 `printf` 写到该文件
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- **GDB**：`qemu-system-x86_64` 加 `-s -S` 然后用 `gdb` 连 `localhost:1234`
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- **崩溃排查**：`build.py` 默认带 `-no-reboot`，避免三重错误后无限重启
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### 进一步阅读
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- [TransPyC 编译器仓库](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/TransPyC)
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- [Viper 语言概览](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/TransPyC/blob/main/wiki/01-overview.md)
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- [ViperOS SDK wiki](vpsdk/wiki/01-overview.md)
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- [Viper 模板项目（ViperTemplateProject）](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/Viper_TemplateProject)
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---
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<a id="english"></a>
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## English
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### What is this
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`ViperOS` is the flagship demo of the [Viper](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/TransPyC) language: a **complete bootable operating system** written in Viper. Unlike a Linux distro or a teaching mini-OS, ViperOS uses one language for everything — kernel, device drivers, user programs, libraries, SDK all use Viper (Python syntax + LLVM backend).
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Main components:
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- **VKernel** — 64-bit microkernel (target `x86_64-none-elf`)
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- **UEFI bootloader** — `boot/boot.c` (compiled by GNU-EFI to `disk/EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi`)
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- **FAT32 driver** — self-implemented, supports mount/dir/file operations
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- **4 user applications** — HelloWorld / Terminal / Gargantua / Scene3D
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- **2 dynamic libraries** — SerialLogger / VPUI64
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- **ViperPOS SDK** — user-space development kit (syscall, window, fs, process)
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### Directory layout
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```
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ViperOS/
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├── .gitignore # ignores all output/, temp/, build artifacts
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├── build.py # top-level build entry: build -> pack -> QEMU
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├── linker.ld # top-level linker script
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├── boot/ # UEFI bootloader
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│ ├── Makefile
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│ └── boot.c
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├── VKernel/ # kernel
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│ ├── project.json # kernel build config
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│ ├── linker.ld
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│ └── Kernel/
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│ ├── main.py # kernel entry
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│ ├── bootinfo.py
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│ ├── drivers/ # device drivers
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│ │ ├── core/cpu/ # APIC, CPU, FPU
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│ │ ├── devfs/ # device filesystem
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│ │ ├── fs/fat32/ # self-implemented FAT32 driver
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│ │ ├── input/ # keyboard, mouse
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│ │ ├── serial/ # 8250 UART
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│ │ ├── storage/ # IDE
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│ │ ├── usb/ # USB HID / UHCI
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│ │ └── video/ # VESA framebuffer + UI
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│ ├── execrunner/ # ELF loader
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│ ├── intr/ # GDT/IDT/ISR/syscall
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│ ├── mm/ # memory management
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│ ├── paging/ # paging
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│ ├── sched/ # coroutine, process, scheduler
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│ ├── services/ # kernel services
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│ └── platform/ # platform glue (PIC/PIT/RTC/Timer)
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├── Apps/ # user apps (each subdir = one ELF)
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│ ├── HelloWorld/
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│ ├── Terminal/
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│ ├── Gargantua/
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│ └── Scene3D/
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├── Libs/ # shared libraries (each subdir = one .so)
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│ ├── SerialLogger/
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│ └── VPUI64/
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├── vpsdk/ # ViperPOS SDK (for user apps)
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│ ├── __init__.py
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│ ├── stdlib.py
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│ ├── syscall.py
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│ ├── window.py
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│ ├── vpui.py
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│ ├── fs.py
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│ ├── process.py
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│ ├── dynlib.py
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│ └── wiki/ # SDK wiki
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├── Scripts/
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│ ├── check_disk.py
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│ ├── disk.ps1 # ImDisk-based FAT32 image builder
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│ └── disk.sh # Linux-equivalent
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└── disk/ # files packed into disk.img
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├── EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi
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├── app/helloworld.asm
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├── apps/ # .elf destination (filled at build time)
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├── libs/ # .so destination (filled at build time)
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└── sys/kernel/x86_64/kernel.bin
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```
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### Prerequisites
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| Tool | Notes |
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|------|-------|
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| `python` ≥ 3.10 | runs TransPyC |
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| `llc` | LLVM static compiler |
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| `ld.lld` | LLD linker (bare-metal) |
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| `qemu-system-x86_64` | QEMU emulator |
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| `imdisk` | Windows disk-image mount utility; on Linux use `disk.sh` instead |
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| `gnu-efi` toolchain | builds the UEFI bootloader (`boot/boot.c`) |
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| [TransPyC](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/TransPyC) | compiler; **must be cloned as a sibling of ViperOS** |
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Required layout:
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```
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D:\Users\TermiNexus\Desktop\TransPyC\
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├── TransPyC\ # compiler repo
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├── ViperOS\ # this repo
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└── ViperTemplateProject\
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```
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### Quick start
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```powershell
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# 1. From the ViperOS directory
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cd D:\Users\TermiNexus\Desktop\TransPyC\ViperOS
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# 2. Full build and launch QEMU
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python build.py
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# 3. Serial log is written to serial.log
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```
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`build.py` automatically:
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1. Calls `Projectrans.py` to build VKernel -> `VKernel/output/kernel.bin`
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2. Builds 2 shared libraries (SerialLogger, VPUI64)
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3. Builds 4 applications (HelloWorld, Terminal, Gargantua, Scene3D)
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4. Copies all artifacts into `disk/apps/`, `disk/libs/`, `disk/sys/kernel/x86_64/`
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5. Calls `Scripts/disk.ps1` to create a 64MB FAT32 image `disk.img`
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6. Launches QEMU (TCG accel, `-no-reboot` to prevent reboot on triple fault)
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After quitting QEMU, inspect `serial.log` for kernel boot messages.
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### Common build flags
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```powershell
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python build.py --noclean # keep temp/ to speed up subsequent builds
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python build.py --kernel-only # only rebuild the kernel, skip apps/libs
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```
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`--noqemu` is **NOT supported** (see comment at line 76 of `build.py`).
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### Adding a new application
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1. Create a directory under `Apps/`, e.g. `Apps/MyApp/`
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2. Add `App/MyApp/main.py` (see `Apps/HelloWorld/main.py` for reference)
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3. Add `App/MyApp/project.json` (see `Apps/HelloWorld/project.json`; set `triple = "x86_64-none-elf"`, link with `ld.lld` to produce `.elf`)
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4. Add build + copy commands in `build.py`
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5. Put any runtime resources in `disk/apps/MyApp/` (read at runtime via vpsdk)
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### Adding a new driver
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Add `<device>.py` under `VKernel/Kernel/drivers/<subsystem>/<device>/`. See `fs/fat32/fat32.py` (largest, full FAT32 implementation). Register the init in `VKernel/Kernel/main.py`.
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### Platform support
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| Platform | Status |
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|----------|--------|
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| Windows 10/11 + mingw + QEMU | ✅ primary, CI-tested |
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| Linux x86_64 + clang + QEMU | ⚠ theoretically works, requires modifying `build.py` to use `disk.sh` and system lld |
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| macOS | ❌ untested |
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| Real hardware | ❌ not yet (UEFI x86_64 only) |
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### Debugging
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- **QEMU serial log**: `build.py` passes `-serial file:serial.log`; all `printf` output goes there
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- **GDB**: add `-s -S` to `qemu-system-x86_64` and attach `gdb` to `localhost:1234`
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- **Crash triage**: `build.py` always uses `-no-reboot`, avoiding reboot loops after triple faults
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### Further reading
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- [TransPyC compiler](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/TransPyC)
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- [Viper language overview](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/TransPyC/blob/main/wiki/01-overview.md)
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- [ViperOS SDK wiki](vpsdk/wiki/01-overview.md)
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- [Viper template project (ViperTemplateProject)](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/Viper_TemplateProject)
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