ViperC/README.md

# TransPyV

[English](#english) | [中文](#中文)

The **Viper language compiler, written in Viper itself** — and it is **self-hosted**: TransPyV compiles its own source and produces `TransPyV.exe`. It translates Viper sources to LLVM IR, then drives `llc` + `clang++` to link a native Windows executable. The first-generation CPython compiler ([TransPyC](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/TransPyC)) is now only kept as the bootstrapping **seed**.

**用 Viper 语言编写的 Viper 编译器**，且**已完成自举**：TransPyV 能编译自身源码并产出 `TransPyV.exe`。它把 Viper 源码翻译为 LLVM IR，再调用 `llc` + `clang++` 链接为 Windows 原生可执行文件。第一代 CPython 编译器（[TransPyC](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/TransPyC)）现在只作为自举**种子**保留。

---

<a id="中文"></a>

## 中文

### 这是什么

`TransPyV` 是 Viper 的第二代编译器：**用 Viper 自己写、也被 Viper 自己编译**。整条链路上没有任何 Python 运行时参与编译 —— 词法/语法分析走 `includes/ast`（自研解析器，9 个文件），IR 生成走 `App/lib/core/Gen/`，目标代码由 `llc` 与 `clang++` 产出。

自举链路：

```text
TransPyC（种子，CPython 实现）
    │  只做一次：把 TransPyV 源码编译成 TransPyV.exe
    ▼
TransPyV.exe（第一阶段产物）
    │  自举：用这个 exe 再编译 TransPyV 自身
    ▼
TransPyV.exe（自举产物，当前仓库随包/随 exe\ 提供的那份）
    │
    └─ 用它编译任意 Viper 工程（ViperApps\*、Test\* …）
```

现状与规模（本机实测）：

| 项 | 值 |
| --- | --- |
| 编译器源码 | `App/` 下 **76 个 `.vp` 文件，64,656 行** |
| 其中翻译器核心 | `App/lib/core/Gen/` **52 个文件，49,978 行** |
| 阶段与合并 | `App/lib/Phase/` 6 文件 5,309 行；`App/lib/Stub/` 9 文件 6,877 行 |
| 工程与工具 | `App/lib/Projectrans/` 3 文件 1,008 行 |
| 自测用例 | `Test/` 下 **39 个 `.vp`**（`App/` 36 + `NegativeTest/` 2 + `Sha1Test/` 1） |
| 平台 | Windows x64（源码直接 `import w32.*`） |

> 自举可行性分析与历史数据见 [`wiki/13-bootstrapping.md`](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/TransPyC/blob/main/wiki/13-bootstrapping.md)（该文标注：Phase A → Phase B/C 已跑通，编译器已脱离 Python 运行时）。

### 目录结构

```text
TransPyV/
├── project.vpj                 # 工程配置（source_dir=./App, build_dir=./.tpv_build, 输出 TransPyV.exe）
├── App/                        # 编译器源码（Viper）
│   ├── main.vp                 # CLI 入口：内存池初始化、单例注入、参数解析、Phase 调度
│   └── lib/
│       ├── Projectrans/
│       │   ├── Config.vp        # project.vpj 加载与路径解析（含 includes 缓存目录）
│       │   └── Utils.vp         # SHA1 / 目录清理 / 杂项
│       ├── core/
│       │   ├── VLogger.vp       # 日志（info/warn/error/banner/success）
│       │   ├── IncludesScanner.vp   # includes 目录扫描（决定哪些需重编译）
│       │   ├── CompilerFactory.vp   # 工厂：持有 mb + perm_pool 两个 MemBuddy 单例
│       │   └── Gen/             # 翻译器（52 文件）—— 把 AST 变为 LLVM IR
│       │       ├── Generator.vp / Translator.vp / GenApi.vp / GenTypes.vp
│       │       ├── BaseGenMixin / AssignGenMixin / VarGenMixin / ImportsGenMixin
│       │       ├── MatchGenMixin / AsyncGenMixin / StructGenMixin / TranslatorGenMixin
│       │       ├── Call/   (12) 调用生成：普通调用 / C 内建 / 构造 / 虚表 / 变参 / 内联汇编 …
│       │       ├── Class/  (6)  类：定义 / 泛型 / 虚表 / 枚举 / Mixin
│       │       ├── Expr/   (9)  表达式：名字 / 常量 / 运算 / 属性 / f-string / CDef …
│       │       ├── Func/   (3)  函数定义
│       │       ├── Stmt/   (3)  语句：声明 / C-if / Mixin
│       │       └── Type/   (6)  类型解析与 C 类型映射
│       ├── Phase/
│       │   ├── BuildPipeline.vp # .ll → llc → .obj → clang++ → .exe（含 ASan 插桩分支）
│       │   ├── Phase1/          # Phase 1：按需翻译 includes + stub 分离（.stub.ll / .text.ll）
│       │   └── Phase2/          # Phase 2：多文件工程翻译、IR 组合、编译
│       └── Stub/
│           ├── StubGen/         # .vpi 读取 + 声明转换
│           └── StubMerger/      # 多份 .stub.ll / .text.ll 依赖排序与合并
└── Test/                       # 编译器自测（Viper）
    ├── project.vpj
    ├── App/                    # 36 个 .vp（多为 *_test.vp），入口 test_main.vp 聚合全部用例
    ├── NegativeTest/           # 负向测试（故意编译失败）
    └── Sha1Test/               # SHA1 命名空间测试
```

### 前提条件

| 工具 | 说明 |
| --- | --- |
| Windows 10/11 x64 | 编译器源码直接 `import w32.*`，当前仅 Windows |
| `llc` | LLVM 静态编译器（本机 22.1.8），由 `project.vpj` 的 `compiler.cmd` 指定 |
| `clang++` | mingw-w64 工具链，`-fuse-ld=lld` 链接（本机 `D:/msys64/mingw64/bin/clang++.exe`） |
| ≥ 1.5 GiB 空闲内存 | 启动即 `malloc` 1 GiB 主池 + 512 MiB 常驻池 |
| [TransPyC](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/TransPyC) | **仅当需要重建自举种子时**才需要 |

目录布局（编译时需要能找到 `includes/`，`project.vpj` 里写的是相对路径 `../includes`）：

```text
TransPyC\                 # 工作区根
├── TransPyC\             # 第一代编译器（种子）
├── TransPyV\             # 本仓库
└── includes\             # Viper 标准库 + includes/ast 解析器
```

### 快速开始

```bat
:: 日常：直接用自举产物编译任意工程
exe\TransPyV.exe --project ViperApps\ViperMNIST\project.vpj --clean

:: 编译并立即运行
exe\TransPyV.exe --project ViperApps\ViperMNIST\project.vpj --clean --run

:: 只有在需要重建编译器本体（自举种子）时，才动用 TransPyC
python TransPyC\Projectrans.py --project TransPyV\project.vpj --clean
```

产物位置 = `<工程目录>\<build_dir>\output\<linker.output>`，即默认 `<工程>\.tpv_build\output\app.exe`；
TransPyV 自身因 `linker.output` 为 `TransPyV.exe`，产物是 `TransPyV\.tpv_build\output\TransPyV.exe`。

跑编译器自测套件：

```bat
exe\TransPyV.exe --project TransPyV\Test\project.vpj --clean --run
```

### 命令行参数

| 参数 | 含义 |
| --- | --- |
| `--project <path>` | `project.vpj` 路径（不给则在当前目录、上级目录找） |
| `--src <dir>` | 单文件模式源目录（覆盖配置；入口取 `<dir>/main.vp`） |
| `--temp <dir>` | 声明接口临时目录（覆盖配置，默认 `<build_dir>/temp`） |
| `--output <dir>` | 输出目录（覆盖配置，默认 `<build_dir>/output`） |
| `--phase 1\|2\|all` | 1=只做 stub 分离；2=只做 IR 组合+编译；all=全部（默认） |
| `--cc <cmd>` | LLVM 编译器命令（覆盖配置） |
| `--build-dir <dir>` | 覆盖 `project.vpj` 的 `build_dir`（相对路径仍基于工程目录解析） |
| `--clean` | 清理 temp / output / includes 预编译缓存 |
| `--rebuild-includes` | 只删 includes 预编译缓存（`includes.binary`），强制重编 includes |
| `--clear-cache` | 只清 temp 缓存（`.vpi` / `.stub.ll` / `.text.ll`），强制重生成 stub |
| `--run` | 编译成功后立即执行产物 |
| `--repl` | 交互式 REPL（M1：表达式片段 → DLL → 调用回显）；未给 `--project` 时按 cwd → `TransPyV.exe` 同目录查找 `repl.vpj` 模板工程（找不到则报错并提示 `--project`）；与 `--asan` / `--phase2command` 互斥 |
| `--asan` | ASan 模式：先 `opt -passes=asan` 插桩；运行库须由 `project.vpj` 的 `linker.static_libs` 声明，否则 fail-fast |
| `--phase2command <bat>` | 不执行 `llc`/链接，只把命令写进指定 `.bat` |
| `--nowarn-register` | 抑制 Phase A 依赖类 WARN（跨模块 `text.ll` 未生成，下遍收敛） |
| `--no-llvmpeephole` | 关闭 FunctionPrint 的本地窥孔（T2 store/load 转发、T3 空 bitcast） |
| `--detection` | 开启 MemBuddy 分配检测（`0xCDCD` 标记 + 记录表探针，查越界写） |
| `--show-args` | 打印全部解析结果 |
| `--version`, `-v` | 打印 Viper / VRTE / TransPyV 版本、提交号、目标三元组与 LLVM 版本 |
| `--help`, `-h` | 打印帮助 |

### 架构

```text
source_dir 下全部 .vp/.py（多文件模式：递归扫描所有源文件）
    │
    ├─ Phase 1（stub 分离）
    │     IncludesScanner 按需翻译 includes → Phase1/*
    │     Translator + Gen/* 生成 IR，再分别落盘：
    │       <sha1>.stub.ll   声明
    │       <sha1>.text.ll   实现
    │
    ├─ Phase 2（组合 + 编译）
    │     StubMerger*  按拓扑序合并 本地 stub + 依赖 stub + 本地 text → 完整 IR
    │     BuildPipeline：完整 IR → llc → .obj → clang++（附加 includes 预编译 .obj）→ .exe
    │
    └─ <build_dir>/output/<linker.output>
```

**核心模块分工：**

| 模块 | 职责 |
| --- | --- |
| `App/main.vp` | CLI 入口：内存池与单例初始化、参数解析、Phase 调度、`--run` |
| `lib/Projectrans/Config.vp` | `project.vpj` 加载、路径解析、includes 缓存目录 |
| `lib/core/CompilerFactory.vp` | 持有 `mb`（主池）与 `perm_pool`（常驻池）两个 `MemBuddy` |
| `lib/core/Gen/Generator.vp` | 项目级 `Generator` 单例，Phase1/Phase2/BuildPipeline 全程复用 |
| `lib/core/Gen/Translator.vp` | 翻译器主体，`translate()` 与 `dump_ir()`（`.stub.ll` / `.text.ll` / 完整 IR） |
| `lib/core/Gen/GenApi.vp` | 翻译器对外接口与全局状态（如 temp 目录） |
| `lib/Phase/Phase1/` | 扫描 includes、拓扑排序、按需生成声明 |
| `lib/Phase/Phase2/` | 多文件工程：递归扫描源文件、翻译、IR 组合、调度编译 |
| `lib/Phase/BuildPipeline.vp` | `.ll` → `llc` → `.obj` → `clang++` → `.exe`（ASan 走插桩分支） |
| `lib/Stub/StubGen/` | 读取 `.vpi`，转换为 stub 声明 |
| `lib/Stub/StubMerger/` | `stub.ll` / `text.ll` 的收集、依赖拓扑、IR 拼接与落盘 |
| `lib/core/IncludesScanner.vp` | 扫描 `includes/`，决定哪些文件需要重编译 |
| `lib/core/VLogger.vp` | 日志系统（含 `--nowarn-register` 开关） |

> 自举相关注意点：自举后模块级全局变量会带 **SHA1 前缀**（模块隔离），因此像 `_g_gen`
> 这类单例必须**逐模块赋值**（`GenApi._g_gen = gen` …），不能只在 `main.vp` 里赋裸名 ——
> 否则部分模块读到自己的 `None`，表现为"全局名判定恒为 0"之类的误报。

### 内存模型

全程无系统 `malloc` 抖动，只有两个 `MemBuddy` 内存池（`lib/memhub` 的伙伴分配器）：

- `POOL_SIZE = 1 GiB`（`1073741824`）—— 主池，`mb`，翻译过程的常规分配。
- `PERM_POOL_SIZE = 536871176`（≈512 MiB 可用）—— 常驻池，`perm_pool`，跨阶段存活的对象。
- 两者由 `CompilerFactory.factory` 单例持有；`mb` 另以 `sys._mbuddy` / `argparse._mbuddy` /
  `ast._mbuddy` / `Config._mbuddy` … 的形式逐模块注入。

`--detection` 会把两个池都切到检测模式（`0xCDCD` 填充 + 记录表探针），用于排查越界写。

### 与 TransPyC 的关系

| 维度 | TransPyC | TransPyV |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 实现语言 | CPython | Viper |
| 定位 | 自举**种子**（只用来生成稳定的 TransPyV） | **现行编译器** |
| 自举状态 | — | ✅ 已完成，能编译自身 |
| 入口 | `TransPyC/Projectrans.py` | `App/main.vp` |
| AST 解析 | Python `ast` / 自研 vast | `includes/ast` 自研（9 文件） |
| 工程配置 | `project.json` | `project.vpj` |
| 平台 | Windows / Linux | Windows（`w32.*`） |

### 进一步阅读

- [TransPyC 编译器仓库（种子）](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/TransPyC)
- [Viper 语言文档（wiki 目录）](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/TransPyC/tree/main/wiki)
- [自举可行性分析与进展](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/TransPyC/blob/main/wiki/13-bootstrapping.md)
- [工程配置 `project.vpj` 说明](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/TransPyC/blob/main/wiki/12-project.md)
- [ViperOS 操作系统（用 Viper 写的 OS）](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/ViperOS)

---

<a id="english"></a>

## English

### What is this

`TransPyV` is the second-generation Viper compiler: **written in Viper and compiled by Viper**. No Python runtime takes part in the compilation path — lexing/parsing goes through `includes/ast` (a self-implemented parser, 9 files), IR generation through `App/lib/core/Gen/`, and machine code through `llc` + `clang++`.

The bootstrap chain:

```text
TransPyC (seed, implemented in CPython)
    │  one-time only: compile TransPyV sources into TransPyV.exe
    ▼
TransPyV.exe (stage-one artifact)
    │  bootstrap: this exe compiles TransPyV itself
    ▼
TransPyV.exe (self-hosted artifact — the one shipped in exe\)
    │
    └─ used to build any Viper project (ViperApps\*, Test\* …)
```

Current state and size (measured on the dev machine):

| Item | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Compiler sources | **76 `.vp` files, 64,656 lines** under `App/` |
| Translator core | `App/lib/core/Gen/` — **52 files, 49,978 lines** |
| Phases & merging | `App/lib/Phase/` 6 files 5,309 lines; `App/lib/Stub/` 9 files 6,877 lines |
| Project & utils | `App/lib/Projectrans/` 3 files 1,008 lines |
| Self-tests | **39 `.vp`** under `Test/` (`App/` 36 + `NegativeTest/` 2 + `Sha1Test/` 1) |
| Platform | Windows x64 (sources `import w32.*` directly) |

### Directory layout

```text
TransPyV/
├── project.vpj                 # project config (source_dir=./App, build_dir=./.tpv_build, output TransPyV.exe)
├── App/                        # compiler sources (Viper)
│   ├── main.vp                 # CLI entry: pools, singleton injection, arg parsing, phase dispatch
│   └── lib/
│       ├── Projectrans/
│       │   ├── Config.vp        # project.vpj loader + path resolution (incl. includes cache dir)
│       │   └── Utils.vp         # SHA1 / dir cleanup / misc
│       ├── core/
│       │   ├── VLogger.vp       # logging (info/warn/error/banner/success)
│       │   ├── IncludesScanner.vp   # scan includes/, decide what must be rebuilt
│       │   ├── CompilerFactory.vp   # holds the two MemBuddy singletons (mb + perm_pool)
│       │   └── Gen/             # translator (52 files) — AST to LLVM IR
│       │       ├── Generator.vp / Translator.vp / GenApi.vp / GenTypes.vp
│       │       ├── BaseGenMixin / AssignGenMixin / VarGenMixin / ImportsGenMixin
│       │       ├── MatchGenMixin / AsyncGenMixin / StructGenMixin / TranslatorGenMixin
│       │       ├── Call/   (12) calls: plain / C builtin / ctor / vtable / varargs / inline asm …
│       │       ├── Class/  (6)  classes: def / generic / vtable / enum / mixin
│       │       ├── Expr/   (9)  expressions: name / const / ops / attr / f-string / CDef …
│       │       ├── Func/   (3)  function definitions
│       │       ├── Stmt/   (3)  statements: decl / C-if / mixin
│       │       └── Type/   (6)  type resolution and C type mapping
│       ├── Phase/
│       │   ├── BuildPipeline.vp # .ll -> llc -> .obj -> clang++ -> .exe (plus ASan branch)
│       │   ├── Phase1/          # Phase 1: on-demand includes translation + stub split (.stub.ll / .text.ll)
│       │   └── Phase2/          # Phase 2: multi-file translation, IR assembly, compile
│       └── Stub/
│           ├── StubGen/         # .vpi reader + declaration converter
│           └── StubMerger/      # dependency-ordered merge of .stub.ll / .text.ll
└── Test/                       # compiler self-tests (Viper)
    ├── project.vpj
    ├── App/                    # 36 .vp (mostly *_test.vp); entry point test_main.vp aggregates them all
    ├── NegativeTest/           # negative tests (must fail to compile)
    └── Sha1Test/               # SHA1 namespace test
```

### Prerequisites

| Tool | Notes |
| --- | --- |
| Windows 10/11 x64 | sources `import w32.*`; Windows-only for now |
| `llc` | LLVM static compiler (22.1.8 here), set by `compiler.cmd` in `project.vpj` |
| `clang++` | mingw-w64 toolchain, `-fuse-ld=lld` (here `D:/msys64/mingw64/bin/clang++.exe`) |
| ≥ 1.5 GiB free RAM | allocates a 1 GiB main pool + 512 MiB permanent pool at startup |
| [TransPyC](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/TransPyC) | **only needed to rebuild the bootstrap seed** |

Required layout (`project.vpj` refers to `../includes`):

```text
TransPyC\                 # workspace root
├── TransPyC\             # first-generation compiler (seed)
├── TransPyV\             # this repo
└── includes\             # Viper standard library + includes/ast parser
```

### Quick start

```bat
:: everyday use: build any project with the self-hosted compiler
exe\TransPyV.exe --project ViperApps\ViperMNIST\project.vpj --clean

:: build and run immediately
exe\TransPyV.exe --project ViperApps\ViperMNIST\project.vpj --clean --run

:: only when rebuilding the compiler itself (bootstrap seed), use TransPyC
python TransPyC\Projectrans.py --project TransPyV\project.vpj --clean
```

Artifacts land in `<project dir>\<build_dir>\output\<linker.output>` — by default
`<project>\.tpv_build\output\app.exe`. TransPyV itself sets `linker.output` to `TransPyV.exe`,
so its own product is `TransPyV\.tpv_build\output\TransPyV.exe`.

Run the compiler self-test suite:

```bat
exe\TransPyV.exe --project TransPyV\Test\project.vpj --clean --run
```

### CLI flags

| Flag | Meaning |
| --- | --- |
| `--project <path>` | `project.vpj` path (default: current dir, then parent) |
| `--src <dir>` | single-file mode source dir (overrides config; entry `<dir>/main.vp`) |
| `--temp <dir>` | declaration temp dir (default `<build_dir>/temp`) |
| `--output <dir>` | output dir (default `<build_dir>/output`) |
| `--phase 1\|2\|all` | 1 = stub split only; 2 = IR assembly + compile only; all = both (default) |
| `--cc <cmd>` | LLVM compiler command (overrides config) |
| `--build-dir <dir>` | override `build_dir` from `project.vpj` (relative paths still resolve against the project dir) |
| `--clean` | clean temp / output / includes precompiled cache |
| `--rebuild-includes` | delete only the includes cache (`includes.binary`), forcing a full includes rebuild |
| `--clear-cache` | clear only temp (`.vpi` / `.stub.ll` / `.text.ll`), forcing stub regeneration |
| `--run` | execute the produced binary on success |
| `--repl` | interactive REPL (M1: expression fragment → DLL → call and echo); without `--project` it looks for the `repl.vpj` template project in cwd, then next to `TransPyV.exe` (errors out with a `--project` hint if neither exists); mutually exclusive with `--asan` / `--phase2command` |
| `--asan` | ASan mode: `opt -passes=asan` first; runtimes must be declared in `project.vpj` `linker.static_libs`, else fail-fast |
| `--phase2command <bat>` | do not run `llc`/link; write the commands into the given `.bat` |
| `--nowarn-register` | suppress Phase A dependency WARNs (cross-module `text.ll` not yet emitted, converges next pass) |
| `--no-llvmpeephole` | disable FunctionPrint local peepholes (T2 store/load forwarding, T3 no-op bitcast) |
| `--detection` | enable MemBuddy allocation detection (`0xCDCD` fill + record-table probe for out-of-bounds writes) |
| `--show-args` | dump all parsed arguments |
| `--version`, `-v` | print Viper / VRTE / TransPyV versions, commit ids, target triple and LLVM version |
| `--help`, `-h` | print help |

### Architecture

```text
all .vp/.py under source_dir (multi-file mode: recursively scanned)
    │
    ├─ Phase 1 (stub split)
    │     IncludesScanner translates includes on demand -> Phase1/*
    │     Translator + Gen/* emit IR, then write two files:
    │       <sha1>.stub.ll   declarations
    │       <sha1>.text.ll   implementations
    │
    ├─ Phase 2 (assemble + compile)
    │     StubMerger*  topologically merge local stub + dependency stubs + local text -> full IR
    │     BuildPipeline: full IR -> llc -> .obj -> clang++ (+ precompiled includes .obj) -> .exe
    │
    └─ <build_dir>/output/<linker.output>
```

**Module responsibilities:**

| Module | Responsibility |
| --- | --- |
| `App/main.vp` | CLI entry: pools and singletons, arg parsing, phase dispatch, `--run` |
| `lib/Projectrans/Config.vp` | `project.vpj` loading, path resolution, includes cache dir |
| `lib/core/CompilerFactory.vp` | owns `mb` (main pool) and `perm_pool` (permanent pool) |
| `lib/core/Gen/Generator.vp` | project-level `Generator` singleton shared by Phase1/Phase2/BuildPipeline |
| `lib/core/Gen/Translator.vp` | translator body: `translate()` and `dump_ir()` (`.stub.ll` / `.text.ll` / full IR) |
| `lib/core/Gen/GenApi.vp` | translator public API and global state (e.g. temp dir) |
| `lib/Phase/Phase1/` | scan includes, topological order, emit declarations on demand |
| `lib/Phase/Phase2/` | multi-file projects: scan sources, translate, assemble IR, drive the build |
| `lib/Phase/BuildPipeline.vp` | `.ll` -> `llc` -> `.obj` -> `clang++` -> `.exe` (ASan branch included) |
| `lib/Stub/StubGen/` | read `.vpi`, convert to stub declarations |
| `lib/Stub/StubMerger/` | collect / topologically sort / concatenate / store `stub.ll` and `text.ll` |
| `lib/core/IncludesScanner.vp` | scan `includes/`, decide what needs rebuilding |
| `lib/core/VLogger.vp` | logging (with the `--nowarn-register` switch) |

> Bootstrap note: after self-hosting, module-level globals carry a **SHA1 prefix** (module
> isolation), so singletons such as `_g_gen` must be assigned **per module**
> (`GenApi._g_gen = gen` …), not once by bare name in `main.vp` — otherwise some modules read
> their own `None`, showing up as bogus results like "global-name test always 0".

### Memory model

There is no per-object system `malloc` churn — only two `MemBuddy` buddy-allocator pools:

- `POOL_SIZE = 1 GiB` (`1073741824`) — main pool `mb`, ordinary translation allocations.
- `PERM_POOL_SIZE = 536871176` (≈512 MiB usable) — permanent pool `perm_pool`, objects that outlive a phase.
- Both are held by the `CompilerFactory.factory` singleton; `mb` is additionally injected per module
  as `sys._mbuddy` / `argparse._mbuddy` / `ast._mbuddy` / `Config._mbuddy` …

`--detection` switches both pools into detection mode (`0xCDCD` fill + record-table probe) to hunt
out-of-bounds writes.

### Relation to TransPyC

| Dimension | TransPyC | TransPyV |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Implementation | CPython | Viper |
| Role | bootstrap **seed** (only used to produce a stable TransPyV) | **the current compiler** |
| Self-hosted? | — | ✅ yes, it compiles itself |
| Entry | `TransPyC/Projectrans.py` | `App/main.vp` |
| AST parsing | Python `ast` / in-house vast | `includes/ast` (9 files, in-house) |
| Project config | `project.json` | `project.vpj` |
| Platform | Windows / Linux | Windows (`w32.*`) |

### Further reading

- [TransPyC compiler repo (the seed)](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/TransPyC)
- [Viper language docs (wiki)](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/TransPyC/tree/main/wiki)
- [Bootstrapping analysis and progress](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/TransPyC/blob/main/wiki/13-bootstrapping.md)
- [Project config `project.vpj`](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/TransPyC/blob/main/wiki/12-project.md)
- [ViperOS (an OS written in Viper)](https://git.gvsds.com/GVSDS/ViperOS)