diff --git a/App/lib/Projectrans/Utils.vp b/App/lib/Projectrans/Utils.vp
index 6563957..78633cf 100644
--- a/App/lib/Projectrans/Utils.vp
+++ b/App/lib/Projectrans/Utils.vp
@@ -19,6 +19,50 @@ import w32.win32base
 _mbuddy: memhub.MemBuddy | t.CPtr
 
 
+# ============================================================
+# nibble_to_hex_char - 半字节转十六进制字符
+# ============================================================
+def nibble_to_hex_char(n: int, uppercase: int) -> t.CChar:
+    """0-15 → '0'-'9'/'a'-'f'（uppercase=1 时用 'A'-'F'）"""
+    if n < 10:
+        return '0' + n
+    if uppercase != 0:
+        return 'A' + (n - 10)
+    return 'a' + (n - 10)
+
+
+# ============================================================
+# bytes_to_hex - 字节序列转十六进制字符串
+# ============================================================
+def bytes_to_hex(pool: memhub.MemBuddy | t.CPtr,
+                 digest: bytes,
+                 nbytes: t.CSizeT,
+                 uppercase: int,
+                 use_malloc: int) -> str:
+    """将 digest 前 nbytes 字节转为 2*nbytes 个十六进制字符（含 null 终止）
+
+    use_malloc=1 时用 stdlib.malloc（调用方负责 free），否则 pool.alloc。
+    合并自 Utils.compute_sha1 / IncludesScanner.compute_file_sha1 的重复 hex 转换。
+    """
+    if digest is None or nbytes <= 0:
+        return None
+    hex_len: t.CSizeT = nbytes * 2 + 1
+    hex_buf: str = None
+    if use_malloc != 0:
+        hex_buf = stdlib.malloc(hex_len)
+    else:
+        hex_buf = pool.alloc(hex_len)
+    if hex_buf is None:
+        return None
+    for i in range(nbytes):
+        hi: int = (digest[i] >> 4) & 0xF
+        lo: int = digest[i] & 0xF
+        hex_buf[i * 2] = nibble_to_hex_char(hi, uppercase)
+        hex_buf[i * 2 + 1] = nibble_to_hex_char(lo, uppercase)
+    hex_buf[nbytes * 2] = '\0'
+    return hex_buf
+
+
 # ============================================================
 # compute_sha1 - 计算字符串的 SHA1，返回前 16 个十六进制字符
 #
@@ -44,22 +88,7 @@ def compute_sha1(pool: memhub.MemBuddy | t.CPtr, content: str) -> str:
     ctx.final(digest)
 
     # 转为十六进制字符串（取前 8 字节 = 16 个十六进制字符）
-    hex_buf: str = pool.alloc(17)
-    if hex_buf is None:
-        return None
-    for i in range(8):
-        hi: int = (digest[i] >> 4) & 0xF
-        lo: int = digest[i] & 0xF
-        if hi < 10:
-            hex_buf[i * 2] = '0' + hi
-        else:
-            hex_buf[i * 2] = 'a' + (hi - 10)
-        if lo < 10:
-            hex_buf[i * 2 + 1] = '0' + lo
-        else:
-            hex_buf[i * 2 + 1] = 'a' + (lo - 10)
-    hex_buf[16] = '\0'
-    return hex_buf
+    return bytes_to_hex(pool, digest, 8, 0, 0)
 
 
 # ============================================================
diff --git a/App/lib/core/Handles/HandlesExpr.vp b/App/lib/core/Handles/HandlesExpr.vp
index b62e870..31ca8cc 100644
--- a/App/lib/core/Handles/HandlesExpr.vp
+++ b/App/lib/core/Handles/HandlesExpr.vp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import lib.core.Handles.HandlesImports as HandlesImports
 import lib.core.StubMerger as StubMerger
 import lib.core.VLogger as VLogger
 import lib.Projectrans.Config as Config
+import lib.Projectrans.Utils as Utils
 
 
 # ============================================================
@@ -75,15 +76,9 @@ def escape_llvm_string(pool: memhub.MemBuddy | t.CPtr,
             pos += 1
             hi: int = (ch >> 4) & 0xF
             lo: int = ch & 0xF
-            if hi < 10:
-                buf[pos] = '0' + hi
-            else:
-                buf[pos] = 'A' + (hi - 10)
+            buf[pos] = Utils.nibble_to_hex_char(hi, 1)
             pos += 1
-            if lo < 10:
-                buf[pos] = '0' + lo
-            else:
-                buf[pos] = 'A' + (lo - 10)
+            buf[pos] = Utils.nibble_to_hex_char(lo, 1)
             pos += 1
         else:
             buf[pos] = ch
diff --git a/App/lib/core/IncludesScanner.vp b/App/lib/core/IncludesScanner.vp
index 6b9ebab..42e02b5 100644
--- a/App/lib/core/IncludesScanner.vp
+++ b/App/lib/core/IncludesScanner.vp
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import w32.win32base as win32base
 import w32.fileio as fileio
 import hashlib
 import viperlib
+import lib.Projectrans.Utils as Utils
 import lib.core.VLogger as VLogger
 
 
@@ -201,24 +202,8 @@ def compute_file_sha1(pool: memhub.MemBuddy | t.CPtr,
         return None
     ctx.final(digest)
 
-    # 转为十六进制字符串（取前 8 字节 = 16 个十六进制字符）
-    hex_buf: str = stdlib.malloc(17)
-    if hex_buf is None:
-        stdlib.free(buf)
-        stdlib.free(digest)
-        return None
-    for i in range(8):
-        hi: int = (digest[i] >> 4) & 0xF
-        lo: int = digest[i] & 0xF
-        if hi < 10:
-            hex_buf[i * 2] = '0' + hi
-        else:
-            hex_buf[i * 2] = 'a' + (hi - 10)
-        if lo < 10:
-            hex_buf[i * 2 + 1] = '0' + lo
-        else:
-            hex_buf[i * 2 + 1] = 'a' + (lo - 10)
-    hex_buf[16] = '\0'
+    # 转为十六进制字符串（取前 8 字节 = 16 个十六进制字符，stdlib 分配保持原行为）
+    hex_buf: str = Utils.bytes_to_hex(pool, digest, 8, 0, 1)
     stdlib.free(buf)
     stdlib.free(digest)
     return hex_buf