diff --git a/App/lib/Stub/StubGen/Converter.vp b/App/lib/Stub/StubGen/Converter.vp
index d7bd266..79962c7 100644
--- a/App/lib/Stub/StubGen/Converter.vp
+++ b/App/lib/Stub/StubGen/Converter.vp
@@ -517,15 +517,25 @@ def _PyiFunction(buf: bytes, buf_size: sizet, pos: sizet, fn: ast.FunctionDef*,
     # v3 跨模块逃逸摘要：把形参逃逸掩码与返回借用位写成**同一行**的行尾注释，供 VpiReader
     # 解析后在别的模块的调用点查询（跨模块摘要表按文件重置，只能靠 vpi 传递）。
     # 只在真有逃逸/返回借用时写，保持 vpi 干净：无标记 = 无摘要 = 调用点保守放行。
+    # P2 willFree：同行走 `# ... wf=<mask>`（第 k 位=第 k 个形参在本调用后失效），
+    # 纯声明式、不依赖逃逸扫描的 scratch，所以单独算、独立决定是否落盘。
+    wf_mask_c: int = GenApi.compute_willfree_mask(fn)
+    esc_v_c: int = 0
+    ret_v_c: int = 0
     if _PyiEnsureEscScratch() != 0:
         esc_box_c: sizet* = sizet*(uint64(_g_pyi_esc_scratch) + 520)
         if GenApi.compute_escape_summary(None, fn, _g_pyi_esc_scratch, esc_box_c) == 0:
-            if esc_box_c[0] != 0 or esc_box_c[1] != 0:
-                tmp_c: bytes = stdlib.malloc(64)
-                if tmp_c is not None:
-                    viperlib.snprintf(tmp_c, 64, "  # esc=%d ret=%d", int(esc_box_c[0]), int(esc_box_c[1]))
-                    pos = _PyiEmit(buf, buf_size, pos, tmp_c)
-                    stdlib.free(tmp_c)
+            esc_v_c = int(esc_box_c[0])
+            ret_v_c = int(esc_box_c[1])
+    if esc_v_c != 0 or ret_v_c != 0 or wf_mask_c != 0:
+        tmp_c: bytes = stdlib.malloc(96)
+        if tmp_c is not None:
+            if esc_v_c != 0 or ret_v_c != 0:
+                if wf_mask_c != 0: viperlib.snprintf(tmp_c, 96, "  # esc=%d ret=%d wf=%d", esc_v_c, ret_v_c, wf_mask_c)
+                else: viperlib.snprintf(tmp_c, 96, "  # esc=%d ret=%d", esc_v_c, ret_v_c)
+            else: viperlib.snprintf(tmp_c, 96, "  # wf=%d", wf_mask_c)
+            pos = _PyiEmit(buf, buf_size, pos, tmp_c)
+            stdlib.free(tmp_c)
     pos = _PyiEmit(buf, buf_size, pos, "\n")
     return pos
 
diff --git a/App/lib/Stub/StubGen/VpiReader.vp b/App/lib/Stub/StubGen/VpiReader.vp
index 3b45fdc..1c7fda0 100644
--- a/App/lib/Stub/StubGen/VpiReader.vp
+++ b/App/lib/Stub/StubGen/VpiReader.vp
@@ -116,6 +116,15 @@ define VPI_IDX_FNV_MASK = 4294967295
 define VPI_ESC_MAX = 8192
 define VPI_ESC_KEY_LEN = 224
 
+# P2 跨模块 willFree 标注缓存（.vpi 行尾 `# ... wf=<mask>`，由 StubGen.Converter._PyiFunction 写出）。
+# 键格式与逃逸摘要完全一致（"{sha1}.{Class}.{method}" / "{sha1}.{func}"）；值 = 形参失效掩码
+# （第 k 位 = 第 k 个形参在本调用后失效）。无标注的 def 不写条目，"查不到" 即 "无标注"。
+define VPI_WF_MAX = 8192
+define VPI_WF_KEY_LEN = 224
+_g_vpi_wf_keys: bytes = None
+_g_vpi_wf_vals: sizet* = None
+_g_vpi_wf_count: int = 0
+
 _g_vpi_esc_keys: bytes = None
 _g_vpi_esc_vals: sizet* = None
 _g_vpi_esc_count: int = 0
@@ -882,6 +891,7 @@ def _cache_vpi_annots_text(vpi_buf: bytes, src_sha1: str) -> int:
     _cache_vpi_return_annots_text(vpi_buf, src_sha1)
     _cache_vpi_param_annots_text(vpi_buf, src_sha1)
     _cache_vpi_escape_annots_text(vpi_buf, src_sha1)
+    _cache_vpi_willfree_annots_text(vpi_buf, src_sha1)
     return 1
 
 
@@ -1000,6 +1010,122 @@ def _lookup_vpi_escape_packed(src_sha1: str, cls_name: str, method_name: str) ->
     return res
 
 
+# _cache_vpi_willfree_annots_text - extract the trailing `wf=<mask>` marker (P2 willFree).
+# 与逃逸摘要同构：不依赖 AST，按行扫描；只在有 wf 标记的 def 上建条目。
+def _cache_vpi_willfree_annots_text(vpi_buf: bytes, src_sha1: str) -> int:
+    """抽取 vpi 行尾 P2 willFree 标记（`# ... wf=<mask>`）进缓存；1=处理完成 / 0=缓冲区或分配失败"""
+    global _g_vpi_wf_keys, _g_vpi_wf_vals, _g_vpi_wf_count
+    if vpi_buf is None or src_sha1 is None: return 0
+    if _g_vpi_wf_keys is None:
+        _g_vpi_wf_keys = stdlib.malloc(VPI_WF_MAX * VPI_WF_KEY_LEN)
+        _g_vpi_wf_vals = sizet*(stdlib.malloc(VPI_WF_MAX * 8))
+        if _g_vpi_wf_keys is None or _g_vpi_wf_vals is None: return 0
+        string.memset(_g_vpi_wf_keys, 0, VPI_WF_MAX * VPI_WF_KEY_LEN)
+        string.memset(_g_vpi_wf_vals, 0, VPI_WF_MAX * 8)
+    sha1_len: sizet = string.strlen(src_sha1)
+    buf_len: sizet = string.strlen(vpi_buf)
+    cur_cls: bytes = None
+    pos: sizet = 0
+    while pos < buf_len:
+        ls: sizet = pos
+        le: sizet = pos
+        while le < buf_len and vpi_buf[le] != '\n': le += 1
+        i: sizet = ls
+        while i < le and vpi_buf[i] == ' ': i += 1
+        if i < le:
+            # class X: -> 记录当前类上下文（与方法键一致）
+            if le - i >= 6 and string.strncmp(vpi_buf + i, "class ", 6) == 0:
+                cstart: sizet = i + 6
+                cend: sizet = cstart
+                while cend < le and vpi_buf[cend] != ':' and vpi_buf[cend] != ' ' and vpi_buf[cend] != '(': cend += 1
+                if cend > cstart:
+                    if cur_cls is not None: stdlib.free(cur_cls)
+                    cur_cls = stdlib.malloc(cend - cstart + 1)
+                    if cur_cls is not None:
+                        string.strncpy(cur_cls, vpi_buf + cstart, cend - cstart)
+                        cur_cls[cend - cstart] = '\0'
+            # def name(...) ... # [esc=<mask> ret=<ret>] wf=<mask>
+            elif le - i >= 4 and string.strncmp(vpi_buf + i, "def ", 4) == 0:
+                # 模块级函数（无缩进）清掉类上下文，避免上一类泄漏
+                if i == ls and cur_cls is not None:
+                    stdlib.free(cur_cls)
+                    cur_cls = None
+                # 只在注释段里找 "wf="：避开参数名（如 def f(wf: int)）
+                mark: sizet = le
+                hm: sizet = le
+                j: sizet = i
+                while j < le:
+                    if vpi_buf[j] == '#':
+                        hm = j
+                        break
+                    j += 1
+                if hm < le:
+                    j2: sizet = hm + 1
+                    while j2 + 3 <= le:
+                        if vpi_buf[j2] == 'w' and vpi_buf[j2 + 1] == 'f' and vpi_buf[j2 + 2] == '=':
+                            mark = j2
+                            break
+                        j2 += 1
+                if mark < le:
+                    kp: sizet = mark + 3
+                    wf_v: int = 0
+                    while kp < le and vpi_buf[kp] >= '0' and vpi_buf[kp] <= '9':
+                        wf_v = wf_v * 10 + (int(vpi_buf[kp]) - 48)
+                        kp += 1
+                    if wf_v != 0 and _g_vpi_wf_count < VPI_WF_MAX:
+                        dstart: sizet = i + 4
+                        dend: sizet = dstart
+                        while dend < le and vpi_buf[dend] != '(': dend += 1
+                        if dend > dstart:
+                            mname_len: sizet = dend - dstart
+                            cls_len_w: sizet = 0
+                            if cur_cls is not None: cls_len_w = string.strlen(cur_cls)
+                            key_len_w: sizet = sha1_len + 1 + cls_len_w + 1 + mname_len
+                            if key_len_w < VPI_WF_KEY_LEN:
+                                mname_buf_w: bytes = stdlib.malloc(mname_len + 1)
+                                key_buf_w: bytes = stdlib.malloc(key_len_w + 1)
+                                if mname_buf_w is not None and key_buf_w is not None:
+                                    string.strncpy(mname_buf_w, vpi_buf + dstart, mname_len)
+                                    mname_buf_w[mname_len] = '\0'
+                                    if cur_cls is not None: viperlib.snprintf(key_buf_w, key_len_w + 1, "%s.%s.%s", src_sha1, cur_cls, mname_buf_w)
+                                    else: viperlib.snprintf(key_buf_w, key_len_w + 1, "%s.%s", src_sha1, mname_buf_w)
+                                    string.strcpy(_g_vpi_wf_keys + sizet(_g_vpi_wf_count) * VPI_WF_KEY_LEN, key_buf_w)
+                                    _g_vpi_wf_vals[_g_vpi_wf_count] = sizet(wf_v)
+                                    _g_vpi_wf_count += 1
+                                if mname_buf_w is not None: stdlib.free(mname_buf_w)
+                                if key_buf_w is not None: stdlib.free(key_buf_w)
+        pos = le + 1
+    if cur_cls is not None: stdlib.free(cur_cls)
+    return 1
+
+
+# _lookup_vpi_willfree - query the cross-module P2 willFree cache (key shape = escape summary).
+def _lookup_vpi_willfree(src_sha1: str, cls_name: str, method_name: str) -> int:
+    """查跨模块 willFree 形参掩码；0 = 无标注"""
+    if _g_vpi_wf_keys is None or _g_vpi_wf_count == 0: return 0
+    if src_sha1 is None or method_name is None: return 0
+    sha1_len: sizet = string.strlen(src_sha1)
+    cl_len: sizet = 0
+    if cls_name is not None: cl_len = string.strlen(cls_name)
+    me_len: sizet = string.strlen(method_name)
+    key_len: sizet = sha1_len + 1 + cl_len + 1 + me_len
+    kb: bytes = stdlib.malloc(key_len + 1)
+    if kb is None: return 0
+    if cls_name is not None: viperlib.snprintf(kb, key_len + 1, "%s.%s.%s", src_sha1, cls_name, method_name)
+    else: viperlib.snprintf(kb, key_len + 1, "%s.%s", src_sha1, method_name)
+    res: int = 0
+    idx: int = 0
+    while idx < _g_vpi_wf_count:
+        ent: bytes = _g_vpi_wf_keys + sizet(idx) * VPI_WF_KEY_LEN
+        # 键以模块 sha1 打头：先比前 2 个十六进制字符，避免逐项 strcmp
+        if ent[0] == kb[0] and ent[1] == kb[1] and string.strcmp(ent, kb) == 0:
+            res = int(_g_vpi_wf_vals[idx])
+            break
+        idx += 1
+    stdlib.free(kb)
+    return res
+
+
 # _vpi_param_annot_seg_is - equality check for a param-annotation segment (for the "str/bytes is not a generic pointer" rule).
 def _vpi_param_annot_seg_is(src_sha1: str, cls_name: str, method_name: str, seg_idx: int, want: str) -> int:
     """Check whether the definition-side param-annotation segment equals want exactly; 1=yes / 0=no."""
diff --git a/App/lib/core/Gen/AssignGenMixin.vp b/App/lib/core/Gen/AssignGenMixin.vp
index 1caa760..771ca2d 100644
--- a/App/lib/core/Gen/AssignGenMixin.vp
+++ b/App/lib/core/Gen/AssignGenMixin.vp
@@ -1914,6 +1914,8 @@ novirtual class AssignGenMixin:
                     # （`p: T* = new heap slife …` → 释放旧对象 + 影子置 1；`q: T* = p` → 交还所有权）
                     self._slife_note_assign(pool, builder, mod, trans, alloca, aa.value)
                     mlirlite.build_store(builder, rhs_val, alloca, vol_laa)
+                    # P2 willFree：带注解声明/赋值后清除失效态（新变量本就为 0；复用槽兜底）
+                    self.Gen.VarGen.clear_var_freed(trans.SymTab, nm.id)
                     # FakeDuck: initialize the shadow struct __data__ field with the initial string pointer
                     if fd_str_ty is not None and fd_meta_alloca is not None:
                         fd_data_fe: GenTypes.FieldEntry* = self.Gen.StructGen.lookup_field(fd_str_ty, "__data__")
@@ -2399,6 +2401,9 @@ novirtual class AssignGenMixin:
                     # `p = new heap slife …` → 释放旧对象 + 影子置 1；`q = p` / 外来指针 → 交还所有权
                     self._slife_note_assign(pool, builder, mod, trans, alloca, asgn.value)
                     mlirlite.build_store(builder, store_val, alloca, vol_las)
+                    # P2 willFree：对同名变量重新赋值即重新获得有效值，清除失效态
+                    # （新变量由 add_var 置 0；已存在变量走这里，见 clear_var_freed 注释）
+                    self.Gen.VarGen.clear_var_freed(trans.SymTab, nm.id)
                     # A lambda assigned to a variable must be registered as a closure name
                     if asgn.value is not None and asgn.value.kind() == ast.ASTKind.Lambda: self.Gen.CallGenLeafKit.register_closure_name(nm.id)
                     existing: mlirlite.Value* = self.Gen.VarGen.lookup_current(trans.SymTab, nm.id)
diff --git a/App/lib/core/Gen/Call/CallGenBase.vp b/App/lib/core/Gen/Call/CallGenBase.vp
index d1c35d7..644dc70 100644
--- a/App/lib/core/Gen/Call/CallGenBase.vp
+++ b/App/lib/core/Gen/Call/CallGenBase.vp
@@ -828,6 +828,37 @@ novirtual class CallGenBase:
                 mi += 1
         return 0
 
+    def _vpi_willfree(self, sha1: str, cls_name: str, method_name: str) -> int:
+        """跨模块 willFree 标注查询（P2）：按 (定义模块 sha1, Class?, method) 查 .vpi 缓存；0=无标注。
+
+        与逃逸摘要共用"本模块已加载"备忘：_ensure_vpi_ret_annot_loaded 的单一入口会把
+        ret/param/esc/wf 一起喂齐，所以这里只需保证模块被加载过一次。"""
+        if sha1 is None or method_name is None: return 0
+        if VpiReader._vpi_escape_module_loaded(sha1) == 0:
+            if self.Gen.CallGenBase.TempDir is None or self.Gen.CallGenBase.TempDirLen == 0: return 0
+            VpiReader._ensure_vpi_ret_annot_loaded(sha1, self.Gen.CallGenBase.TempDir)
+            VpiReader._vpi_escape_mark_module(sha1)
+        return VpiReader._lookup_vpi_willfree(sha1, cls_name, method_name)
+
+    def lookup_willfree_via_vpi(self, pool: memhub.MemBuddy*, cls_sha1: str, cls_name: str, method_name: str) -> int:
+        """跨模块 willFree 掩码（P2）：本类 + MRO 祖先各自的模块 sha1 依次查 .vpi；0=无标注"""
+        if method_name is None: return 0
+        if cls_sha1 is not None:
+            p0: int = self._vpi_willfree(cls_sha1, cls_name, method_name)
+            if p0 != 0: return p0
+        if cls_name is not None:
+            mro: sizet* = self.Gen.StructGen.get_mro_chain(pool, cls_name)
+            mi: int = 1
+            while mro is not None and mro[mi] != 0:
+                anc: str = rawptr(mro[mi])
+                if anc is not None and string.strcmp(anc, cls_name) != 0:
+                    sha_a: str = self.Gen.StructGen.get_struct_sha1(anc)
+                    if sha_a is not None:
+                        pa: int = self._vpi_willfree(sha_a, anc, method_name)
+                        if pa != 0: return pa
+                mi += 1
+        return 0
+
     # _vpi_method_param_annot: on-demand lookup of the vpi param annotation string
     def _vpi_method_param_annot(self, pool: memhub.MemBuddy*, cls_sha1: str, cls_name: str, method_name: str) -> str:
         """Load and query the vpi parameter annotation string on demand; None on miss"""
diff --git a/App/lib/core/Gen/Call/CallGenMixin.vp b/App/lib/core/Gen/Call/CallGenMixin.vp
index 8032db2..366cf83 100644
--- a/App/lib/core/Gen/Call/CallGenMixin.vp
+++ b/App/lib/core/Gen/Call/CallGenMixin.vp
@@ -119,6 +119,30 @@ novirtual class CallGenMixin(CallGenBase.CallGenBase):
                 for ai in range(can):
                     if ((esc_mask >> int(ai)) & 1) != 0:
                         GenApi.fail_if_stack_addr_escape(cargs.get(ai), "an argument bound to a parameter that the callee escapes or returns", trans, _dummy_ptr)
+        # P2 willFree：查被调者的形参失效标注（本文件表 → 跨模块 .vpi 回退）。
+        # 标记动作在**实参全部翻译完成之后**（见下方 "# Default-argument filling" 之前），
+        # 否则 `stdlib.free(p)` 自己那次读取 p 会被误判为"使用已失效变量"。
+        wf_mask: int = 0
+        if cargs is not None and func_name is not None:
+            wf_mask = GenApi.get_param_willfree(func_name)
+            if wf_mask == 0:
+                mod_sha_wf: str = None
+                if cl.func is not None and cl.func.kind() == ast.ASTKind.Attribute:
+                    at_wf: ast.Attribute* = ast.Attribute*(cl.func)
+                    mod_p_wf: str = None
+                    if at_wf.value is not None and at_wf.value.kind() == ast.ASTKind.Name:
+                        mn_wf: ast.Name* = ast.Name*(at_wf.value)
+                        if mn_wf.id is not None: mod_p_wf = mn_wf.id
+                    elif at_wf.value is not None and at_wf.value.kind() == ast.ASTKind.Attribute:
+                        mod_p_wf = self.Gen.ExprGenAttr._attr_module_path_str(pool, at_wf.value)
+                    if mod_p_wf is not None:
+                        fi_wf: str = None
+                        if trans is not None: fi_wf = trans._from_imports
+                        mod_sha_wf = self.Gen.StructGen._resolve_module_sha1(mod_p_wf, fi_wf)
+                if mod_sha_wf is None and trans is not None and trans._from_imports is not None:
+                    mod_sha_wf = self._lookup_mod_sha1(pool, trans._from_imports, func_name, 0)
+                if mod_sha_wf is not None:
+                    wf_mask = self.Gen.CallGenBase.lookup_willfree_via_vpi(pool, mod_sha_wf, None, func_name)
         # Generic function calls (PEP 695 def f[T]) are intercepted first: infer type args and
         # monomorphize here (templates emit no plain function); hit_box=1 means handled-with-void.
         h0_hit: t.CPtr = stdlib.malloc(4)
@@ -887,6 +911,19 @@ novirtual class CallGenMixin(CallGenBase.CallGenBase):
                     elif ai == 1: mc_src2 = arg_val
                     elif ai == 2: mc_num2 = arg_val
 
+        # P2 willFree：实参已全部翻译完，此刻把被标注形参位上的实参变量标为"已失效"。
+        # 只处理位置实参且实参是简单变量名（与编译器"标记实参变量槽"的口径一致）；
+        # 该槽其后被读/取址/再传（含再传 free）时由变量读取路径报 LifetimeError。
+        # 关键字实参路径（_translate_call_with_kwargs）不支持该标记：见文档记录的限制。
+        if wf_mask != 0 and cargs is not None and trans is not None:
+            for ai_wf in range(can):
+                if ((wf_mask >> int(ai_wf)) & 1) == 0: continue
+                arg_wf: ast.AST* = cargs.get(ai_wf)
+                if arg_wf is None or arg_wf.kind() != ast.ASTKind.Name: continue
+                nm_wf: ast.Name* = ast.Name*(arg_wf)
+                if nm_wf.id is None: continue
+                ent_wf: GenTypes.VarEntry* = self.Gen.VarGen.lookup_var_entry(trans.SymTab, nm_wf.id)
+                if ent_wf is not None: ent_wf.Freed = 1
         # Default-argument filling: when fewer args than params, fill the gaps; the defaults array is
         # right-aligned to args (defaults[0] maps to args[offset], offset = param_count - default_count).
         if can > 0 or (can == 0 and cargs is not None):
diff --git a/App/lib/core/Gen/Expr/ExprGenName.vp b/App/lib/core/Gen/Expr/ExprGenName.vp
index c74e3b7..8a9898f 100644
--- a/App/lib/core/Gen/Expr/ExprGenName.vp
+++ b/App/lib/core/Gen/Expr/ExprGenName.vp
@@ -39,6 +39,12 @@ novirtual class ExprGenName(ExprGenBase.ExprGenBase):
         if nm is None: return None
         nm_id: str = nm.id
         if nm_id is None: return None
+        # P2 willFree：读取已被"消费"的变量（其所有权被 @life(willFree(...)) 标注的调用夺取）→ fail-fast。
+        # 只在**读**路径检查；对同名变量重新赋值会清除失效态（见 AssignGenMixin）。
+        if trans is not None:
+            ent_rd: GenTypes.VarEntry* = self.Gen.VarGen.lookup_var_entry(trans.SymTab, nm_id)
+            if ent_rd is not None and ent_rd.Freed != 0:
+                self.Gen.TypeGenErr.fatal_error(node, f"cannot use '{nm_id}': its value was released by a call annotated with @life(willFree(...)) and is no longer valid", "LifetimeError")
         # CDefine compile-time constant: return the constant (float -> double, int -> i32).
         # Existing variables win over CDefine table entries injected from vpi stubs (lookup_var guard).
         cdef_val_d: double = self.Gen.TypeGenCDef.lookup_cdefine_double(nm_id)
diff --git a/App/lib/core/Gen/GenApi.vp b/App/lib/core/Gen/GenApi.vp
index 71a1626..b645464 100644
--- a/App/lib/core/Gen/GenApi.vp
+++ b/App/lib/core/Gen/GenApi.vp
@@ -316,6 +316,102 @@ def compute_escape_summary(pool: memhub.MemBuddy*, fd: ast.AST*, gset: sizet*, b
     return 1
 
 
+# ---------------- 生命期标注 @life(willFree(...)) / @willFree(...)（P2） ----------------
+# 返回值 = 形参位掩码：第 k 位 = 第 k 个形参所指对象在**本调用返回后失效**（被调用者释放/接管）。
+# 语义见 includes/stdlib.vp 的 free 与 Debugger/ownership-and-new.md §12-P2。
+# 非法标注一律 fail-fast（LifetimeError），不静默忽略。
+def compute_willfree_mask(fd: ast.AST*) -> int:
+    """解析函数定义的 @life(willFree(...)) / @willFree(...) 标注并返回形参位掩码（0=无标注）"""
+    fn: ast.FunctionDef* = ast.FunctionDef*(fd)
+    if fn is None or fn.decorator_list is None: return 0
+    dl: list[ast.AST*]* = fn.decorator_list
+    dn: sizet = len(dl)
+    if dn == 0: return 0
+    mask: int = 0
+    for i in range(dn):
+        deco: ast.AST* = dl.get(i)
+        if deco is None or deco.kind() != ast.ASTKind.Call: continue
+        dc: ast.Call* = ast.Call*(deco)
+        if dc.func is None or dc.func.kind() != ast.ASTKind.Name: continue
+        fname: ast.Name* = ast.Name*(dc.func)
+        if fname.id is None: continue
+        if string.strcmp(fname.id, "life") == 0:
+            # @life(<tag>, <tag>, ...)：逐个标签并入
+            if dc.args is not None:
+                an: sizet = len(dc.args)
+                for j in range(an):
+                    mask = _WillFreeMergeTag(fn, dc.args.get(j), mask)
+        elif string.strcmp(fname.id, "willFree") == 0:
+            # 兼容形式：@willFree(0) 直接叠加（与 @life 等价、可混用）
+            mask = _WillFreeMergeTag(fn, deco, mask)
+    return mask
+
+
+def _WillFreeMergeTag(fn: ast.FunctionDef*, tag: ast.AST*, mask: int) -> int:
+    """校验一个标签调用 willFree(<int>|<name>) 并并入掩码；未知标签/非法实参 → fail-fast"""
+    if tag is None or tag.kind() != ast.ASTKind.Call:
+        fatal_error(tag, "@life(...) accepts only tag calls such as willFree(0) or willFree(p)", "LifetimeError")
+        return mask
+    tc: ast.Call* = ast.Call*(tag)
+    tnm: str = None
+    if tc.func is not None:
+        if tc.func.kind() == ast.ASTKind.Name:
+            tn: ast.Name* = ast.Name*(tc.func)
+            tnm = tn.id
+        elif tc.func.kind() == ast.ASTKind.Attribute:
+            ta: ast.Attribute* = ast.Attribute*(tc.func)
+            tnm = ta.attr
+    if tnm is None or string.strcmp(tnm, "willFree") != 0:
+        fatal_error(tag, "unknown lifetime tag: only `willFree(<param>)` is defined for @life(...)", "LifetimeError")
+        return mask
+    if tc.args is None or len(tc.args) != 1:
+        fatal_error(tag, "@willFree(...) requires exactly one argument: a parameter name or its 0-based position", "LifetimeError")
+        return mask
+    idx: int = _WillFreeArgIndex(fn, tc.args.get(0))
+    if idx < 0: return mask
+    return mask | (1 << idx)
+
+
+def _WillFreeArgIndex(fn: ast.FunctionDef*, arg: ast.AST*) -> int:
+    """标签实参 → 形参下标（0 起，self/cls 计入）；非法即报错并返回 -1"""
+    if arg is None:
+        fatal_error(arg, "@willFree(...) requires a parameter name or its 0-based position", "LifetimeError")
+        return -1
+    if fn.args is None or fn.args.args is None:
+        fatal_error(arg, "@willFree(...) cannot be used here: the definition has no parameter list", "LifetimeError")
+        return -1
+    pl: list[ast.AST*]* = fn.args.args
+    pn: sizet = len(pl)
+    if arg.kind() == ast.ASTKind.Name:
+        nma: ast.Name* = ast.Name*(arg)
+        if nma.id is None: return -1
+        for k in range(pn):
+            pa: ast.AST* = pl.get(k)
+            if pa is None or pa.kind() != ast.ASTKind.Arg: continue
+            aa: ast.Arg* = ast.Arg*(pa)
+            if aa.arg is not None and string.strcmp(aa.arg, nma.id) == 0: return int(k)
+        fatal_error(arg, f"@willFree({nma.id}): '{nma.id}' is not a parameter of this function", "LifetimeError")
+        return -1
+    if arg.kind() != ast.ASTKind.Constant:
+        fatal_error(arg, "@willFree(...) accepts only a parameter name or an integer position", "LifetimeError")
+        return -1
+    ca: ast.Constant* = ast.Constant*(arg)
+    if ca.const_kind != ast.CONST_INT:
+        fatal_error(arg, "@willFree(...) accepts only a parameter name or an integer position", "LifetimeError")
+        return -1
+    idx: int = int(ca.int_val)
+    if idx < 0 or idx >= int(pn):
+        fatal_error(arg, f"@willFree({idx}): parameter position out of range (the function has {int(pn)} parameter(s))", "LifetimeError")
+        return -1
+    return idx
+
+
+def get_param_willfree(name: str) -> int:
+    """本文件函数的 willFree 形参掩码（第 k 位=第 k 个形参在本调用后失效）；无记录返回 0"""
+    if _g_gen is not None: return _g_gen.StructGen.get_param_willfree(name)
+    return 0
+
+
 # ---------------- find_struct_by_type (delegates to StructGenMixin.find_struct_by_type) ----------------
 def find_struct_by_type(struct_ty: mlirlite.LLVMType*) -> GenTypes.StructEntry*:
     """Delegate to gen.find_struct_by_type"""
diff --git a/App/lib/core/Gen/GenTypes.vp b/App/lib/core/Gen/GenTypes.vp
index ffd6a25..a4422e4 100644
--- a/App/lib/core/Gen/GenTypes.vp
+++ b/App/lib/core/Gen/GenTypes.vp
@@ -79,6 +79,9 @@ class VarEntry:
     # 生命期标签（LifeTag，见文件头 define LIFE_*）：该变量**当前值**的生命期。
     # 追加在末尾以保持既有字段偏移不变。默认 LIFE_UNKNOWN（未登记 = 保守放行）。
     Life: int
+    # P2 willFree：1=该变量已被某个带 @life(willFree(...)) 标注的调用"消费"，其后再读/取址/传参
+    # 即 LifetimeError（fail-fast）。追加在末尾以保持既有字段偏移不变；add_var 显式置 0。
+    Freed: int
 
 # ============================================================
 # Scope - scope node (formerly HandlesVar.Scope)
diff --git a/App/lib/core/Gen/StructGenMixin.vp b/App/lib/core/Gen/StructGenMixin.vp
index d0733d2..32cbd6b 100644
--- a/App/lib/core/Gen/StructGenMixin.vp
+++ b/App/lib/core/Gen/StructGenMixin.vp
@@ -121,7 +121,12 @@ novirtual class StructGenMixin:
     EscCount: int
     # 扫描临时区（也只分配一次、每函数复用），消除每函数每轮的 gset/box 分配：
     #   [0]=global 名计数 | [1..64]=global 名指针 | [65],[66]=box(mask, ret_borrow)
-    EscScratch: sizet*
+    EscScratch: sizet*
+    # P2 willFree 标注表：本文件函数 → 形参失效掩码（第 k 位=第 k 个形参在本调用后失效）。
+    # 与 EscTable 同款：池数组 + 线性查找，每项 2 槽：name_hash | mask；只存 u64 哈希。
+    # **必须追加在类字段末尾**（见上方的字段偏移约定）。
+    WfTable: sizet*
+    WfCount: int
 
     def InitStructGen(self) -> int:
         """Initialize struct-mixin fields; called inline from subclass constructors."""
@@ -140,7 +145,9 @@ novirtual class StructGenMixin:
         self.FileVarNames = None
         self.EscTable = None
         self.EscCount = 0
-        self.EscScratch = None
+        self.EscScratch = None
+        self.WfTable = None
+        self.WfCount = 0
         self.StructNameIdx = None
         self.StructTypeIdx = None
         self.StructIdxCap = 0
@@ -278,6 +285,11 @@ novirtual class StructGenMixin:
             self.EscScratch = sizet*(esc_pool.alloc(72 * 8))
             if self.EscScratch is not None: string.memset(self.EscScratch, 0, 72 * 8)
         self.EscCount = 0
+        # P2 willFree 表：同样只分配一次，每文件仅重置 WfCount（表内只有 u64 哈希，无指针）
+        if self.WfTable is None:
+            self.WfTable = sizet*(esc_pool.alloc(esc_cap * 16))
+            if self.WfTable is not None: string.memset(self.WfTable, 0, esc_cap * 16)
+        self.WfCount = 0
         cn: sizet = len(ch)
         ci: sizet
         for ci in range(cn):
@@ -296,6 +308,8 @@ novirtual class StructGenMixin:
             # 生命期摘要（M2.3 v1b）：表内只存 u64 名哈希——不存字符串指针，
             # 从根上消除"槽里是坏指针 → strcmp 崩在 0xffff…"这一整类问题。
             self._RegisterFuncEscapeSummary(esc_pool, fd, fd.name)
+            # P2：同一处登记 willFree 标注（声明式，直接来自 @life/@willFree 装饰器）
+            self._RegisterFuncWillFree(fd, fd.name)
             # 嵌套函数用裸名键（与调用点 func_name 一致）
             self._RegisterNestedFuncs(esc_pool, fd.children, 0)
 
@@ -404,6 +418,35 @@ novirtual class StructGenMixin:
         if idx < 0: return 0
         return int(self.EscTable[idx * 3 + 2])
 
+    # ---- P2 willFree：声明式标注表（直接来自 @life(willFree(...)) / @willFree(...)，不做数据流） ----
+    def _WillFreeLookup(self, name: str) -> int:
+        """线性查找 willFree 表项下标；未找到返回 -1"""
+        if name is None or self.WfTable is None: return -1
+        h: sizet = self._NameHash(name)
+        i: int = 0
+        while i < self.WfCount:
+            if self.WfTable[i * 2] == h: return i
+            i += 1
+        return -1
+
+    def get_param_willfree(self, name: str) -> int:
+        """willFree 形参掩码：第 k 位=第 k 个形参在本调用后失效；无记录返回 0"""
+        idx: int = self._WillFreeLookup(name)
+        if idx < 0: return 0
+        return int(self.WfTable[idx * 2 + 1])
+
+    def _RegisterFuncWillFree(self, fd: ast.FunctionDef*, key: str) -> int:
+        """登记函数的 willFree 掩码（无标注也登记 0，避免同名重复计算）；1=失败 / 0=成功"""
+        if fd is None or key is None or self.WfTable is None: return 1
+        if self._WillFreeLookup(key) >= 0: return 0
+        if self.WfCount >= 1024: return 1
+        mask: int = GenApi.compute_willfree_mask(fd)
+        slot: int = self.WfCount
+        self.WfTable[slot * 2 + 0] = sizet(self._NameHash(key))
+        self.WfTable[slot * 2 + 1] = sizet(mask)
+        self.WfCount = slot + 1
+        return 0
+
     def compute_escape_summary(self, pool: memhub.MemBuddy*, fd: ast.FunctionDef*, gset: sizet*, box: sizet*) -> int:
         """计算 fd 的摘要：box[0]=形参逃逸掩码、box[1]=返回借用位（写前清零）。
 
@@ -615,6 +658,7 @@ novirtual class StructGenMixin:
             if mfd is None or mfd.name is None: continue
             key_m: str = self._EscKey2(pool, cd.name, mfd.name)
             if key_m is not None: self._RegisterFuncEscapeSummary(pool, mfd, key_m)
+            if key_m is not None: self._RegisterFuncWillFree(mfd, key_m)
             self._RegisterNestedFuncs(pool, mfd.children, 0)
         return 0
 
@@ -630,6 +674,7 @@ novirtual class StructGenMixin:
                 nfd: ast.FunctionDef* = ast.FunctionDef*(st)
                 if nfd is not None and nfd.name is not None:
                     self._RegisterFuncEscapeSummary(pool, nfd, nfd.name)
+                    self._RegisterFuncWillFree(nfd, nfd.name)
                     self._RegisterNestedFuncs(pool, nfd.children, depth + 1)
             elif k == ast.ASTKind.If:
                 ifn: ast.If* = ast.If*(st)
diff --git a/App/lib/core/Gen/VarGenMixin.vp b/App/lib/core/Gen/VarGenMixin.vp
index 7696170..5cb9135 100644
--- a/App/lib/core/Gen/VarGenMixin.vp
+++ b/App/lib/core/Gen/VarGenMixin.vp
@@ -304,10 +304,22 @@ novirtual class VarGenMixin:
         entry.IsConst = 0
         # 生命期标签显式初始化：未登记 = LIFE_UNKNOWN（保守放行）。
         entry.Life = GenTypes.LIFE_UNKNOWN
+        # P2 willFree：新变量未失效。显式清零，避免复用槽位残留上一变量的失效态。
+        entry.Freed = 0
         # [S3 dual write] Value-type Spec (alloca.Ty is Ptr(value type), so take its pointee)
         entry.Spec = self._spec_of_var_alloca(alloca)
         return 0
 
+    def clear_var_freed(self, symtab: GenTypes.SymbolTable*, name: str) -> int:
+        """P2 willFree：对同名变量重新赋值后清除失效态；1=清除过 / 0=无该项
+
+        变量已存在时赋值走 get_or_create_sym（不重建 VarEntry），所以失效态必须显式清除——
+        否则 `p = malloc(8); free(p); p = malloc(16); Use(p)` 会被误报。"""
+        e: GenTypes.VarEntry* = self.lookup_var_entry(symtab, name)
+        if e is None: return 0
+        e.Freed = 0
+        return 1
+
     # _spec_of_var_alloca - build a TypeSpec from the alloca's value type (S3 dual write).
     # alloca.Ty is Ptr(var_ty), so the pointee is the value type; None means failure or an unsupported type.
     def _spec_of_var_alloca(self, alloca: mlirlite.Value*) -> TSpec.TypeSpec*: