diff --git a/App/lib/core/Gen/CallGenMixin.vp b/App/lib/core/Gen/CallGenMixin.vp
index 6f9ee1b..ea58e1e 100644
--- a/App/lib/core/Gen/CallGenMixin.vp
+++ b/App/lib/core/Gen/CallGenMixin.vp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import lib.core.Handles.HandlesClassDef as HandlesClassDef
 import lib.core.Handles.HandlesFunctions as HandlesFunctions
 import lib.core.StubMerger as StubMerger
 import lib.core.Handles.HandlesExprCall as HandlesExprCall
+import lib.core.Handles.HandlesAnnAssign as HandlesAnnAssign
 
 
 # ============================================================
@@ -1918,6 +1919,21 @@ class CallGenMixin:
                 continue
             if fe.DefaultVal is None:
                 continue    # 合理跳过：无默认值的字段
+            # 静态数组字段 + 列表字面量默认值 → 整体置零 + 逐元素 GEP+store
+            # （与 _generate_before_init 一致；translate_value 会把列表字面量
+            # 误译成动态 list 对象指针，coerce 到 [N x elem] 会失败）。
+            # Mixin 静态绑定：跨 Mixin 方法必须走 HandlesAnnAssign 模块级委托。
+            if fe.Ty is not None and HandlesExpr.is_array_type(fe.Ty) != 0 \
+               and fe.DefaultVal.kind() == ast.ASTKind.List:
+                field_ptr_arr2: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr = llvmlite.build_gep_struct(
+                    builder, struct_ty, fe.Ty, tmp, fe.Index)
+                if field_ptr_arr2 is not None:
+                    zero_arr2: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr = llvmlite.ConstZero(pool, fe.Ty)
+                    if zero_arr2 is not None:
+                        llvmlite.build_store(builder, zero_arr2, field_ptr_arr2)
+                    HandlesAnnAssign._init_global_array_from_list(
+                        builder, pool, mod, field_ptr_arr2, fe.DefaultVal, trans)
+                continue
             default_val: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr = HandlesExpr.translate_value(
                 builder, pool, mod, fe.DefaultVal, None, 0, trans)
             if default_val is None:
@@ -4803,6 +4819,26 @@ class CallGenMixin:
                     if sup_nm.id is not None and string.strcmp(sup_nm.id, "super") == 0:
                         return self._translate_super_call(
                             pool, builder, mod, cl, func_name, trans)
+
+        # ctraits 宏库编译期谓词：ctraits.isptr(x) 不生成运行时调用，
+        # 直接按变量存储类型返回编译期常量（CIf 求值失败回退或非 CIf 上下文时兜底，
+        # 避免生成跨模块调用 ctraits.isptr 触发"模块未注册 SHA1"误导性报错）
+        if func_name is not None and cl.func is not None and cl.func.kind() == ast.ASTKind.Attribute:
+            ct_at: ast.Attribute | t.CPtr = (ast.Attribute | t.CPtr)(cl.func)
+            if ct_at.value is not None and ct_at.value.kind() == ast.ASTKind.Name:
+                ct_nm: ast.Name | t.CPtr = (ast.Name | t.CPtr)(ct_at.value)
+                if ct_nm.id is not None and string.strcmp(ct_nm.id, "ctraits") == 0 \
+                   and string.strcmp(func_name, "isptr") == 0:
+                    ct_args: list[ast.AST | t.CPtr] | t.CPtr = cl.args
+                    if ct_args is not None and ct_args.__len__() >= 1:
+                        ct_arg0: ast.AST | t.CPtr = ct_args.get(0)
+                        if ct_arg0 is not None and ct_arg0.kind() == ast.ASTKind.Name:
+                            ct_nm0: ast.Name | t.CPtr = (ast.Name | t.CPtr)(ct_arg0)
+                            if ct_nm0.id is not None and trans is not None:
+                                ct_r: int = HandlesType.eval_ctraits_isptr(trans.SymTab, ct_nm0.id)
+                                if ct_r > 0:
+                                    return llvmlite.const_int32(pool, 1)
+                                return llvmlite.const_int32(pool, 0)
         if func_name is None:
             # 检查是否是 list[int](pool) 形式的泛型实例化调用
             # Subscript 节点作为 Call func: 泛型类构造函数
diff --git a/App/lib/core/Gen/ClassGenMixin.vp b/App/lib/core/Gen/ClassGenMixin.vp
index fdfb20f..e5c00eb 100644
--- a/App/lib/core/Gen/ClassGenMixin.vp
+++ b/App/lib/core/Gen/ClassGenMixin.vp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import lib.core.Handles.HandlesType as HandlesType
 import lib.core.Handles.HandlesStruct as HandlesStruct
 import lib.core.Handles.HandlesVar as HandlesVar
 import lib.core.Handles.HandlesEnum as HandlesEnum
+import lib.core.Handles.HandlesAnnAssign as HandlesAnnAssign
 import lib.core.StubMerger as StubMerger
 
 
@@ -56,6 +57,10 @@ META_KEY_LEN: t.CDefine = 128
 # 泛型特化缓存容量上限（与 HandlesClassDef.SPEC_CACHE_MAX 一致）
 SPEC_CACHE_MAX: t.CDefine = 512
 
+# 泛型特化递归深度上限（泛型循环套用防护）
+# 正常嵌套特化深度 ≤ 3（如 list[list[str]]）；64 远超合理值，命中即循环
+GENERIC_SPEC_MAX_DEPTH: t.CDefine = 64
+
 # vtable 方法最大数量（与 HandlesClassDef.VTBL_METHOD_MAX 一致）
 VTBL_METHOD_MAX: t.CDefine = 32
 
@@ -92,6 +97,11 @@ class ClassGenMixin:
     SpecNames: t.CSizeT | t.CPtr
     SpecCount: int
 
+    # --- 泛型特化递归深度（泛型循环套用防护） ---
+    # _specialize_generic_class 进入时 +1、退出时 -1；超过上限立即报错终止
+    # （防止 F-bounded 等循环特化把编译变成死循环）
+    GenericSpecDepth: int
+
     # --- 泛型模板表（原 HandlesClassDef._generic_class_names/
     #     _generic_class_nodes/_generic_class_sha1s） ---
     GenericClassNames: list[str] | t.CPtr
@@ -2031,6 +2041,17 @@ class ClassGenMixin:
         """
         if trans is None or class_name is None or type_args is None:
             return None
+        # 泛型循环套用防护：递归深度 +1，超过上限立即报错终止（防 F-bounded
+        # 等循环特化把编译变死循环）。所有返回路径都必须 -1（见各 return 前）。
+        self.GenericSpecDepth += 1
+        if self.GenericSpecDepth > GENERIC_SPEC_MAX_DEPTH:
+            err_spec: t.CChar | t.CPtr = trans.Pool.alloc(256)
+            if err_spec is not None:
+                viperlib.snprintf(err_spec, 256,
+                    "泛型特化递归过深（疑似泛型循环套用），类: %s 深度=%d",
+                    class_name, self.GenericSpecDepth)
+                HandlesType.fatal_error(None, err_spec, "InternalCompilerError")
+            HandlesType.fatal_error(None, "泛型特化递归过深（疑似泛型循环套用）", "InternalCompilerError")
         # 防御：泛型上下文内收集的 type_args 若残留未替换的类型参数名（如 "T"），
         # 统一替换为具体类型名，避免 ndarray[T] 二次递归特化崩溃。
         # 调用方传入的 type_args 均为临时新建列表，就地替换无共享副作用。
@@ -2069,11 +2090,13 @@ class ClassGenMixin:
         if template_cd is None:
             if string.strcmp(class_name, "GSListNode") == 0:
                 VLogger.debug("template NOT FOUND, return None", "SPEC")
+            self.GenericSpecDepth -= 1
             return None
 
         # 2. 生成特化名
         spec_name: str = self._mangle_generic_class_name(pool, class_name, type_args)
         if spec_name is None:
+            self.GenericSpecDepth -= 1
             return None
 
         # 治本修复：Phase B 补译泛型特化类方法体（统一入口，在 cache/existing 检查之前）
@@ -2122,6 +2145,7 @@ class ClassGenMixin:
         sk_total += 1  # NUL
         spec_key: str = pool.alloc(sk_total)
         if spec_key is None:
+            self.GenericSpecDepth -= 1
             return None
         spec_key[0] = '\0'
         string.strcat(spec_key, class_name)
@@ -2140,6 +2164,7 @@ class ClassGenMixin:
                 if fb is not None:
                     viperlib.snprintf(fb, 1024, "CACHE HIT, return cached=%s", cached)
                     VLogger.debug(fb, "SPEC")
+            self.GenericSpecDepth -= 1
             return cached
 
         # 4. 检查是否已注册（Phase B 重复特化）
@@ -2152,6 +2177,7 @@ class ClassGenMixin:
                                       spec_name, existing.FieldCount)
                     VLogger.debug(fb, "SPEC")
             self._cache_spec(pool, spec_key, spec_name)
+            self.GenericSpecDepth -= 1
             return spec_name
 
         # 预注册缓存（防止递归）
@@ -2162,6 +2188,7 @@ class ClassGenMixin:
         spec_cd: ast.ClassDef | t.CPtr = self._clone_classdef_for_spec(
             pool, template_cd, spec_name, tp_names, type_args)
         if spec_cd is None:
+            self.GenericSpecDepth -= 1
             return None
 
         # 6. 设置 type_map 上下文（用于方法体中的 T 替换）
@@ -2216,6 +2243,7 @@ class ClassGenMixin:
             else:
                 VLogger.debug("DONE but result NOT FOUND in struct table!", "SPEC")
 
+        self.GenericSpecDepth -= 1
         return spec_name
 
     # ============================================================
@@ -2469,6 +2497,14 @@ class ClassGenMixin:
             # 解析字段类型
             field_ty: llvmlite.LLVMType | t.CPtr = HandlesType.resolve_annotation_type(
                 pool, aa.annotation, trans._imported_modules, trans._from_imports, trans)
+            # 单参 t.CArray[elem] + 列表字面量 → 静态数组 [N x elem]
+            # （与局部 AnnAssign 路径一致，对齐 TPC ParseListAnnotation 语义）：
+            # 否则字段保持 Ptr(elem)（如 t.CArray[str] → i8**），
+            # for x in self.field 会误走指针迭代（元素非整数 → null 终止符
+            # 检查失败报错）。推断为静态数组后走数组迭代（按长度 N）。
+            if field_ty is not None:
+                field_ty = HandlesAnnAssign._infer_static_array_ty_from_literal(
+                    pool, aa.annotation, aa.value, field_ty)
             if field_ty is None:
                 # BUG 5 方案1修改点1：消除 i32 静默回退
                 # Phase A-pre（declare_only=1）：依赖的类可能尚未注册，延迟到下一遍
@@ -3257,6 +3293,14 @@ class ClassGenMixin:
                 self._collect_vtable_methods(trans, cd, class_name)
             return 0
 
+        # 防重复生成：MethodsEmitted==1 说明方法体/__before_init__ 已生成过。
+        # 场景：_specialize_generic_class 的 Phase B 补译分支（MethodsEmitted==0
+        # 时补译方法体并置 1）之后，同一特化类又经 translate_class_def 全量
+        # 翻译进入本方法 → 重复生成 __before_init__ → ld.lld duplicate symbol。
+        # 已生成过则直接跳过（方法+__before_init__ 都产出过，跳过安全）。
+        if oop_entry is not None and oop_entry.MethodsEmitted == 1:
+            return 0
+
         # 防重入：方法体翻译前先标记 MethodsEmitted=1。
         # 根因：若等全部方法译完再标记，翻译 __iter__（返回 list[T]|t.CPtr）时，
         # 返回类型注解会再次触发 _specialize_generic_class，此时 MethodsEmitted
@@ -3775,6 +3819,25 @@ class ClassGenMixin:
                     bi_entry, fi)
                 if fe is None or fe.DefaultVal is None:
                     continue
+                # 静态数组字段 + 列表字面量默认值 → 整体置零 + 逐元素 GEP+store
+                # （与局部 AnnAssign 数组初始化一致；translate_value 会把列表字面量
+                # 误译成动态 list 对象指针，coerce 到 [N x elem] 会失败）。
+                # 单参 CArray 字段（如 t.CArray[str] = ["py", ...]）经类体字段收集
+                # 推断为静态数组，此处保证 __before_init__ 填充真实字符串指针。
+                if fe.Ty is not None and HandlesExpr.is_array_type(fe.Ty) != 0 \
+                   and fe.DefaultVal.kind() == ast.ASTKind.List:
+                    field_ptr_arr: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr = llvmlite.build_gep_struct(
+                        func_builder, struct_ty, fe.Ty, self_val, fe.Index)
+                    if field_ptr_arr is not None:
+                        zero_arr_f: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr = llvmlite.ConstZero(pool, fe.Ty)
+                        if zero_arr_f is not None:
+                            llvmlite.build_store(func_builder, zero_arr_f, field_ptr_arr)
+                        # Mixin 静态绑定：self._xxx 只沿本类查找，跨 Mixin 方法
+                        # （AssignGenMixin._init_global_array_from_list）会生成不存在
+                        # 符号 → 必须走 HandlesAnnAssign 模块级委托（延迟 import Gen）。
+                        HandlesAnnAssign._init_global_array_from_list(
+                            func_builder, pool, mod, field_ptr_arr, fe.DefaultVal, trans)
+                    continue
                 # 翻译默认值表达式
                 default_val: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr = HandlesExpr.translate_value(
                     func_builder, pool, mod, fe.DefaultVal, None, 0, trans)
diff --git a/App/lib/core/Gen/ExprGenMixin.vp b/App/lib/core/Gen/ExprGenMixin.vp
index c4520de..04e2291 100644
--- a/App/lib/core/Gen/ExprGenMixin.vp
+++ b/App/lib/core/Gen/ExprGenMixin.vp
@@ -38,6 +38,17 @@ DOC_MAX: t.CDefine = 512
 DOC_KEY_SZ: t.CDefine = 192
 DOC_VAL_SZ: t.CDefine = 4096
 
+# ============================================================
+# f-string 翻译常量（对齐 TPC HandlesExprFormat）
+#
+# FSTR_BUF_SIZE: 运行时栈缓冲大小（snprintf 结果缓冲）
+# FSTR_SPEC_MAX: 编译期 format_spec 解析缓冲宽度
+# FSTR_FMT_MAX:  编译期 C printf 格式串缓冲宽度
+# ============================================================
+FSTR_BUF_SIZE: t.CDefine = 1024
+FSTR_SPEC_MAX: t.CDefine = 64
+FSTR_FMT_MAX: t.CDefine = 64
+
 
 # ============================================================
 # ExprGenMixin - 表达式处理 Mixin（对象化 P3，wiki/14-oo-refactor.md）
@@ -925,8 +936,473 @@ class ExprGenMixin:
             # 模块级委托：translate_lambda 定义在 FuncGenMixin（跨 Mixin
             # 方法不能 self. 直接调用，见 HandlesExpr.translate_lambda）
             return HandlesExpr.translate_lambda(builder, pool, mod, node, trans)
+        elif k == ast.ASTKind.JoinedStr:
+            return self.translate_joined_str(builder, pool, mod, node, trans)
+        elif k == ast.ASTKind.FormattedValue:
+            # 解析器对 f"{expr:spec}"（单 FormattedValue 无字面量）返回裸 FormattedValue
+            # 而非 JoinedStr（见 ast/parser.vp _parse_fstring），需单独翻译
+            return self.translate_formatted_value(builder, pool, mod, node, trans)
         return None
 
+    # ============================================================
+    # translate_joined_str - f-string 翻译（对齐 TPC _HandleJoinedStrLlvm）
+    #
+    # f"..."（JoinedStr）→ 拼接字面量与格式说明符 → snprintf 生成 i8*
+    # 栈缓冲。之前 f-string 未翻译导致 print/赋值拿到 NULL 指针
+    # （"（null）"输出 + printf("%s", 垃圾) 崩溃 0xC0000005）。
+    # ============================================================
+    def translate_joined_str(self, builder: llvmlite.IRBuilder | t.CPtr,
+                             pool: memhub.MemBuddy | t.CPtr,
+                             mod: llvmlite.LLVMModule | t.CPtr,
+                             node: ast.AST | t.CPtr,
+                             trans: HT.Translator | t.CPtr = None) -> llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr:
+        """f-string → snprintf 生成 i8* 栈缓冲"""
+        if node is None or builder is None or trans is None:
+            return None
+        js: ast.JoinedStr | t.CPtr = (ast.JoinedStr | t.CPtr)(node)
+        if js is None or js.values is None:
+            return None
+
+        # 编译期格式串缓冲（pool 分配）
+        fmt_buf: t.CChar | t.CPtr = pool.alloc(FSTR_BUF_SIZE)
+        if fmt_buf is None:
+            return None
+        fmt_buf[0] = '\0'
+
+        # 运行时参数链表（Value.Next 链接，与 printf 调用一致）
+        arg_head: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr = None
+        arg_tail: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr = None
+        arg_count: int = 0
+
+        parts: list[ast.AST | t.CPtr] | t.CPtr = js.values
+        pn: t.CSizeT = parts.__len__()
+        for pi in range(pn):
+            part: ast.AST | t.CPtr = parts.get(pi)
+            if part is None:
+                continue
+            if part.kind() == ast.ASTKind.Constant:
+                pcn: ast.Constant | t.CPtr = (ast.Constant | t.CPtr)(part)
+                if pcn.const_kind == ast.CONST_STR and pcn.str_val is not None:
+                    self._fstr_append_literal(fmt_buf, pcn.str_val)
+                continue
+            if part.kind() != ast.ASTKind.FormattedValue:
+                continue
+            fv: ast.FormattedValue | t.CPtr = (ast.FormattedValue | t.CPtr)(part)
+            if fv.value is None:
+                continue
+            val: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr = self.translate_value(
+                builder, pool, mod, fv.value, None, 0, trans)
+            if val is None:
+                self._fstr_append_raw(fmt_buf, "(null)")
+                continue
+            # 确定 C 格式说明符（format_spec 优先，否则按值类型推断）
+            c_fmt: str = None
+            if fv.format_spec is not None:
+                c_fmt = self._fstr_parse_format_spec(pool, fv.format_spec, val, fv.value)
+            if c_fmt is None:
+                c_fmt = self._fstr_infer_c_fmt(pool, val, fv.value, trans)
+            if c_fmt is None:
+                c_fmt = "%d"
+            # 追加格式说明符
+            if string.strlen(fmt_buf) + string.strlen(c_fmt) < FSTR_BUF_SIZE - 1:
+                string.strcat(fmt_buf, c_fmt)
+            # 转换参数类型（i8/i16→i32、bool→i32、f32→f64）
+            cast_val: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr = self._fstr_cast_value(
+                builder, pool, val, c_fmt, fv.value, trans)
+            if cast_val is None:
+                cast_val = val
+            cast_val.Next = None
+            if arg_head is None:
+                arg_head = cast_val
+            else:
+                arg_tail.Next = cast_val
+            arg_tail = cast_val
+            arg_count += 1
+
+        return self._fstr_finalize(builder, pool, mod, fmt_buf, arg_head, arg_tail, arg_count, trans)
+
+    def translate_formatted_value(self, builder: llvmlite.IRBuilder | t.CPtr,
+                                  pool: memhub.MemBuddy | t.CPtr,
+                                  mod: llvmlite.LLVMModule | t.CPtr,
+                                  node: ast.AST | t.CPtr,
+                                  trans: HT.Translator | t.CPtr = None) -> llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr:
+        """翻译裸 FormattedValue（f"{expr:spec}" 无字面量时解析器返回 FormattedValue 而非 JoinedStr）"""
+        if node is None or builder is None or trans is None:
+            return None
+        fv: ast.FormattedValue | t.CPtr = (ast.FormattedValue | t.CPtr)(node)
+        if fv is None or fv.value is None:
+            return None
+        fmt_buf: t.CChar | t.CPtr = pool.alloc(FSTR_BUF_SIZE)
+        if fmt_buf is None:
+            return None
+        fmt_buf[0] = '\0'
+        arg_head: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr = None
+        arg_tail: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr = None
+        arg_count: int = 0
+        val: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr = self.translate_value(
+            builder, pool, mod, fv.value, None, 0, trans)
+        if val is None:
+            self._fstr_append_raw(fmt_buf, "(null)")
+        else:
+            c_fmt: str = None
+            if fv.format_spec is not None:
+                c_fmt = self._fstr_parse_format_spec(pool, fv.format_spec, val, fv.value)
+            if c_fmt is None:
+                c_fmt = self._fstr_infer_c_fmt(pool, val, fv.value, trans)
+            if c_fmt is None:
+                c_fmt = "%d"
+            if string.strlen(fmt_buf) + string.strlen(c_fmt) < FSTR_BUF_SIZE - 1:
+                string.strcat(fmt_buf, c_fmt)
+            cast_val: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr = self._fstr_cast_value(
+                builder, pool, val, c_fmt, fv.value, trans)
+            if cast_val is None:
+                cast_val = val
+            cast_val.Next = None
+            arg_head = cast_val
+            arg_tail = cast_val
+            arg_count = 1
+        return self._fstr_finalize(builder, pool, mod, fmt_buf, arg_head, arg_tail, arg_count, trans)
+
+    def _fstr_finalize(self, builder: llvmlite.IRBuilder | t.CPtr,
+                       pool: memhub.MemBuddy | t.CPtr,
+                       mod: llvmlite.LLVMModule | t.CPtr,
+                       fmt_buf: t.CChar | t.CPtr,
+                       arg_head: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr,
+                       arg_tail: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr,
+                       arg_count: int,
+                       trans: HT.Translator | t.CPtr) -> llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr:
+        """f-string 尾部：全局格式串 + 固定栈缓冲 + snprintf，返回 i8*"""
+        i32_ty: llvmlite.LLVMType | t.CPtr = llvmlite.Int32(pool)
+        i8_ty: llvmlite.LLVMType | t.CPtr = llvmlite.Int8(pool)
+        if fmt_buf is None or fmt_buf[0] == '\0':
+            # 空 f-string（f""）→ 空字符串常量
+            return HandlesExpr.create_global_string(builder, pool, mod, "", trans)
+        # 格式串 → 全局字符串常量（i8*）
+        fmt_ptr: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr = HandlesExpr.create_global_string(
+            builder, pool, mod, fmt_buf, trans)
+        if fmt_ptr is None:
+            return None
+        # 固定栈缓冲 [FSTR_BUF_SIZE x i8]，GEP(0,0) 取 i8*
+        buf_ty: llvmlite.LLVMType | t.CPtr = llvmlite.Array(pool, i8_ty, FSTR_BUF_SIZE)
+        buf_alloca: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr = llvmlite.build_alloca(builder, buf_ty)
+        if buf_alloca is None:
+            return None
+        zero_i32: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr = llvmlite.const_int32(pool, 0)
+        buf_ptr: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr = llvmlite.build_gep_array(
+            builder, buf_ty, i8_ty, buf_alloca, zero_i32)
+        if buf_ptr is None:
+            return None
+        # snprintf(buf, FSTR_BUF_SIZE, fmt, args...)
+        size_val: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr = llvmlite.const_int64(pool, FSTR_BUF_SIZE)
+        buf_ptr.Next = size_val
+        size_val.Next = fmt_ptr
+        fmt_ptr.Next = arg_head
+        if arg_tail is not None:
+            arg_tail.Next = None
+        llvmlite.build_call(builder, "snprintf", buf_ptr, 3 + arg_count, i32_ty, 1)
+        return buf_ptr
+
+    def _fstr_append_literal(self, fmt_buf: t.CChar | t.CPtr,
+                             lit: str) -> None:
+        """追加字面量到格式串（% 转义为 %%）"""
+        if fmt_buf is None or lit is None:
+            return
+        cur_len: t.CSizeT = string.strlen(fmt_buf)
+        rem: t.CSizeT = FSTR_BUF_SIZE - 1 - cur_len
+        if rem == 0:
+            return
+        src_len: t.CSizeT = string.strlen(lit)
+        si: t.CSizeT = 0
+        while si < src_len and rem > 0:
+            ch: t.CChar = lit[si]
+            if ch == '%':
+                if rem < 2:
+                    break
+                fmt_buf[cur_len] = '%'
+                fmt_buf[cur_len + 1] = '%'
+                cur_len += 2
+                rem -= 2
+            else:
+                fmt_buf[cur_len] = ch
+                cur_len += 1
+                rem -= 1
+            si += 1
+        fmt_buf[cur_len] = '\0'
+
+    def _fstr_append_raw(self, fmt_buf: t.CChar | t.CPtr, s: str) -> None:
+        """追加原始字符串（不做 % 转义）"""
+        if fmt_buf is None or s is None:
+            return
+        cur_len: t.CSizeT = string.strlen(fmt_buf)
+        src_len: t.CSizeT = string.strlen(s)
+        if cur_len + src_len < FSTR_BUF_SIZE:
+            string.strcpy(fmt_buf + cur_len, s)
+
+    def _fstr_parse_format_spec(self, pool: memhub.MemBuddy | t.CPtr,
+                                spec_node: ast.AST | t.CPtr,
+                                val: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr,
+                                arg_node: ast.AST | t.CPtr) -> str:
+        """Python format_spec → C printf 格式串（pool 分配），无法解析返回 None"""
+        if spec_node is None or pool is None or val is None:
+            return None
+        # 1. 提取 spec 字符串（JoinedStr 仅常量拼接）
+        spec: t.CChar | t.CPtr = pool.alloc(FSTR_SPEC_MAX)
+        if spec is None:
+            return None
+        spec[0] = '\0'
+        sk: int = spec_node.kind()
+        if sk == ast.ASTKind.JoinedStr:
+            jss: ast.JoinedStr | t.CPtr = (ast.JoinedStr | t.CPtr)(spec_node)
+            if jss.values is None:
+                return None
+            vn: t.CSizeT = jss.values.__len__()
+            for vi in range(vn):
+                vpart: ast.AST | t.CPtr = jss.values.get(vi)
+                if vpart is None:
+                    continue
+                if vpart.kind() != ast.ASTKind.Constant:
+                    return None
+                vcn: ast.Constant | t.CPtr = (ast.Constant | t.CPtr)(vpart)
+                if vcn.const_kind != ast.CONST_STR or vcn.str_val is None:
+                    return None
+                if string.strlen(spec) + string.strlen(vcn.str_val) < FSTR_SPEC_MAX - 1:
+                    string.strcat(spec, vcn.str_val)
+        elif sk == ast.ASTKind.Constant:
+            cn: ast.Constant | t.CPtr = (ast.Constant | t.CPtr)(spec_node)
+            if cn.const_kind != ast.CONST_STR or cn.str_val is None:
+                return None
+            string.strncpy(spec, cn.str_val, FSTR_SPEC_MAX - 1)
+        else:
+            return None
+        slen: t.CSizeT = string.strlen(spec)
+        if slen == 0:
+            return None
+
+        # 2. 逐段解析: [fill]align / sign / # / 0 / width / , / .precision / type
+        pos: t.CSizeT = 0
+        align_char: t.CChar = 0
+        if pos < slen:
+            ch0: t.CChar = spec[pos]
+            if ch0 == '<' or ch0 == '>' or ch0 == '^' or ch0 == '=':
+                align_char = ch0
+                pos += 1
+            elif pos + 1 < slen:
+                ch1: t.CChar = spec[pos + 1]
+                if ch1 == '<' or ch1 == '>' or ch1 == '^' or ch1 == '=':
+                    align_char = ch1
+                    pos += 2
+        c_flags: t.CChar | t.CPtr = pool.alloc(FSTR_FMT_MAX)
+        c_width: t.CChar | t.CPtr = pool.alloc(32)
+        c_prec: t.CChar | t.CPtr = pool.alloc(32)
+        if c_flags is None or c_width is None or c_prec is None:
+            return None
+        c_flags[0] = '\0'
+        c_width[0] = '\0'
+        c_prec[0] = '\0'
+        # sign
+        if pos < slen and (spec[pos] == '+' or spec[pos] == '-' or spec[pos] == ' '):
+            if spec[pos] == '+':
+                string.strcat(c_flags, "+")
+            elif spec[pos] == ' ':
+                string.strcat(c_flags, " ")
+            pos += 1
+        # alt '#'
+        if pos < slen and spec[pos] == '#':
+            string.strcat(c_flags, "#")
+            pos += 1
+        # zero '0'
+        if pos < slen and spec[pos] == '0':
+            string.strcat(c_flags, "0")
+            pos += 1
+        # 左对齐 '<'/'^' → '-'（与 0 同时存在时 C 语义 '-' 优先）
+        if align_char == '<' or align_char == '^':
+            string.strcat(c_flags, "-")
+        # width digits
+        while pos < slen and spec[pos] >= '0' and spec[pos] <= '9':
+            wl: t.CSizeT = string.strlen(c_width)
+            if wl < 30:
+                c_width[wl] = spec[pos]
+                c_width[wl + 1] = '\0'
+            pos += 1
+        # comma ',' → C printf 不支持千分位，忽略
+        if pos < slen and spec[pos] == ',':
+            pos += 1
+        # .precision
+        if pos < slen and spec[pos] == '.':
+            string.strcat(c_prec, ".")
+            pos += 1
+            while pos < slen and spec[pos] >= '0' and spec[pos] <= '9':
+                pl: t.CSizeT = string.strlen(c_prec)
+                if pl < 30:
+                    c_prec[pl] = spec[pos]
+                    c_prec[pl + 1] = '\0'
+                pos += 1
+            if string.strlen(c_prec) == 1:
+                return None  # 只有 '.' 无效
+        # type char
+        fmt_type: t.CChar = 0
+        if pos < slen:
+            fmt_type = spec[pos]
+            pos += 1
+        if pos != slen:
+            return None  # 多余字符无法解析
+
+        # 3. 长度修饰（按值类型位宽）
+        len_mod: t.CChar | t.CPtr = pool.alloc(4)
+        if len_mod is None:
+            return None
+        len_mod[0] = '\0'
+        ibits: int = HandlesExpr.get_llvm_type_bits(val.Ty)
+        if ibits == 64:
+            string.strcpy(len_mod, "ll")
+        elif ibits == 32:
+            string.strcpy(len_mod, "l")
+        elif ibits == 16:
+            string.strcpy(len_mod, "h")
+        elif ibits == 8:
+            string.strcpy(len_mod, "hh")
+
+        # 4. 组装 C 格式串
+        out: t.CChar | t.CPtr = pool.alloc(FSTR_FMT_MAX)
+        if out is None:
+            return None
+        out[0] = '\0'
+        string.strcat(out, "%")
+        string.strcat(out, c_flags)
+        string.strcat(out, c_width)
+        string.strcat(out, c_prec)
+        if fmt_type == 0:
+            # 无 type：按值类型推断
+            fbits2: int = HandlesExpr.get_llvm_float_bits(val.Ty)
+            if ibits != 0:
+                if ibits == 8:
+                    string.strcat(out, "c")
+                elif ibits == 1:
+                    string.strcat(out, "d")
+                else:
+                    string.strcat(out, len_mod)
+                    string.strcat(out, "d")
+            elif fbits2 != 0:
+                string.strcat(out, "f")
+            elif HandlesExpr.is_ptr_type(val.Ty) != 0:
+                string.strcat(out, "s")
+            else:
+                string.strcat(out, "d")
+        elif fmt_type == 'c':
+            string.strcat(out, "c")
+        elif fmt_type == 'f' or fmt_type == 'F':
+            string.strcat(out, "f")
+        elif fmt_type == 'e' or fmt_type == 'E' or fmt_type == 'g' or fmt_type == 'G':
+            tmp_ch: t.CChar | t.CPtr = pool.alloc(2)
+            if tmp_ch is None:
+                return None
+            tmp_ch[0] = fmt_type
+            tmp_ch[1] = '\0'
+            string.strcat(out, tmp_ch)
+        elif fmt_type == 's':
+            string.strcat(out, "s")
+        elif fmt_type == '%':
+            string.strcat(out, "%")
+        elif fmt_type == 'b':
+            return None  # 二进制不支持
+        elif fmt_type == 'd' or fmt_type == 'i':
+            string.strcat(out, len_mod)
+            string.strcat(out, "d")
+        elif fmt_type == 'x' or fmt_type == 'X' or fmt_type == 'o' or fmt_type == 'u':
+            string.strcat(out, len_mod)
+            tmp_ch2: t.CChar | t.CPtr = pool.alloc(2)
+            if tmp_ch2 is None:
+                return None
+            tmp_ch2[0] = fmt_type
+            tmp_ch2[1] = '\0'
+            string.strcat(out, tmp_ch2)
+        else:
+            return None
+        return out
+
+    def _fstr_infer_c_fmt(self, pool: memhub.MemBuddy | t.CPtr,
+                          val: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr,
+                          arg_node: ast.AST | t.CPtr,
+                          trans: HT.Translator | t.CPtr) -> str:
+        """无 format_spec 时按值类型推断 C printf 格式（对齐 TPC 无 spec 分支，带 % 前缀）"""
+        if val is None or pool is None:
+            return None
+        out: t.CChar | t.CPtr = pool.alloc(16)
+        if out is None:
+            return None
+        out[0] = '\0'
+        ibits: int = HandlesExpr.get_llvm_type_bits(val.Ty)
+        fbits: int = HandlesExpr.get_llvm_float_bits(val.Ty)
+        if ibits == 1:
+            return "%d"  # bool
+        if ibits == 8:
+            return "%c"  # 字符
+        if ibits != 0:
+            if self._node_type_unsigned(pool, arg_node, trans) != 0:
+                if ibits == 64:
+                    string.strcpy(out, "%llu")
+                else:
+                    string.strcpy(out, "%u")
+            else:
+                if ibits == 64:
+                    string.strcpy(out, "%lld")
+                else:
+                    string.strcpy(out, "%d")
+            return out
+        if fbits != 0:
+            return "%f"
+        if HandlesExpr.is_ptr_type(val.Ty) != 0:
+            return "%s"
+        return "%d"
+
+    def _fstr_cast_value(self, builder: llvmlite.IRBuilder | t.CPtr,
+                         pool: memhub.MemBuddy | t.CPtr,
+                         val: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr,
+                         c_fmt: str,
+                         arg_node: ast.AST | t.CPtr,
+                         trans: HT.Translator | t.CPtr) -> llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr:
+        """按 C 格式转换值类型（i8/i16→i32、bool→i32、f32→f64）"""
+        if val is None or c_fmt is None:
+            return None
+        # 找格式类型字符（最后一个字母，忽略 l/h 长度修饰）
+        fmt_char: t.CChar = 0
+        flen: t.CSizeT = string.strlen(c_fmt)
+        fi: t.CSizeT = flen
+        while fi > 0:
+            fi -= 1
+            ch: t.CChar = c_fmt[fi]
+            if ch == '%':
+                break
+            if (ch >= 'a' and ch <= 'z') or (ch >= 'A' and ch <= 'Z'):
+                if ch != 'l' and ch != 'h':
+                    fmt_char = ch
+                    break
+        i32_ty: llvmlite.LLVMType | t.CPtr = llvmlite.Int32(pool)
+        if fmt_char == 's':
+            return val
+        if fmt_char == 'c':
+            ibits: int = HandlesExpr.get_llvm_type_bits(val.Ty)
+            if ibits != 0 and ibits < 32:
+                return llvmlite.build_zext(builder, val, i32_ty)
+            return val
+        if fmt_char == 'd' or fmt_char == 'i' or fmt_char == 'x' \
+           or fmt_char == 'X' or fmt_char == 'o' or fmt_char == 'u':
+            ibits = HandlesExpr.get_llvm_type_bits(val.Ty)
+            if ibits == 1:
+                return llvmlite.build_zext(builder, val, i32_ty)
+            if ibits == 8 or ibits == 16:
+                if self._node_type_unsigned(pool, arg_node, trans) != 0:
+                    return llvmlite.build_zext(builder, val, i32_ty)
+                return llvmlite.build_sext(builder, val, i32_ty)
+            return val
+        if fmt_char == 'f' or fmt_char == 'e' or fmt_char == 'E' \
+           or fmt_char == 'g' or fmt_char == 'G':
+            fbits: int = HandlesExpr.get_llvm_float_bits(val.Ty)
+            if fbits == 32:
+                return llvmlite.build_fpext(builder, val, llvmlite.Double(pool))
+            return val
+        return val
+
     # ============================================================
     # 翻译三元表达式 IfExp(test, body, orelse)
     #
diff --git a/App/lib/core/Gen/ImportsGenMixin.vp b/App/lib/core/Gen/ImportsGenMixin.vp
index f2bc14c..e0b1e58 100644
--- a/App/lib/core/Gen/ImportsGenMixin.vp
+++ b/App/lib/core/Gen/ImportsGenMixin.vp
@@ -602,7 +602,8 @@ class ImportsGenMixin:
         if mod_name is None:
             return 1
         # t/c 是内部库，不参与 includes 扫描，豁免检查
-        if string.strcmp(mod_name, "t") == 0 or string.strcmp(mod_name, "c") == 0:
+        # ctraits 是纯编译期宏库（.vpi 后缀，IncludesScanner 不扫描 .vpi），豁免检查
+        if string.strcmp(mod_name, "t") == 0 or string.strcmp(mod_name, "c") == 0 or string.strcmp(mod_name, "ctraits") == 0:
             return 1
         mod_sha1: str = StubMerger.LookupSha1ByModName(mod_name)
         if mod_sha1 is None:
diff --git a/App/lib/core/Gen/StmtGenMixin.vp b/App/lib/core/Gen/StmtGenMixin.vp
index ae45af5..e0c2278 100644
--- a/App/lib/core/Gen/StmtGenMixin.vp
+++ b/App/lib/core/Gen/StmtGenMixin.vp
@@ -474,6 +474,8 @@ class StmtGenMixin:
                 return cn.int_val
             self.CifEvalOk = 0
             return 0
+        if k == ast.ASTKind.Call:
+            return self._cif_eval_call(pool, trans, node)
         if k == ast.ASTKind.Name:
             nm: ast.Name | t.CPtr = (ast.Name | t.CPtr)(node)
             if nm.id is None:
@@ -584,6 +586,69 @@ class StmtGenMixin:
         self.CifEvalOk = 0
         return 0
 
+    def _eval_ctraits_isptr(self, symtab: HandlesVar.SymbolTable | t.CPtr,
+                            name: str) -> int:
+        """ctraits.isptr(name) 编译期求值。
+
+        按变量实际存储类型判断是否指针：alloca 的 pointee 为 Ptr 即指针
+        （与 TPC ConstEvaluator._eval_compile_time_call 的 LLVM 类型判断一致）。
+        返回: 1=指针 0=非指针 -1=无法求值（变量不存在/无类型信息）。
+        """
+        if name is None or symtab is None:
+            return -1
+        v: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr = HandlesVar.lookup_var(symtab, name)
+        if v is None or v.Ty is None:
+            return -1
+        pointee: llvmlite.LLVMType | t.CPtr = v.Ty.Pointee
+        if pointee is not None and HandlesExpr.is_ptr_type(pointee) != 0:
+            return 1
+        return 0
+
+    def _cif_eval_call(self, pool: memhub.MemBuddy | t.CPtr,
+                       trans: HT.Translator | t.CPtr,
+                       node: ast.AST | t.CPtr) -> int:
+        """编译期函数调用求值：ctraits.isptr(x)。
+
+        命中置 self.CifEvalOk=1 返回 1/0；未识别调用置 0 返回 0。
+        """
+        self.CifEvalOk = 0
+        if node is None or trans is None:
+            return 0
+        cl: ast.Call | t.CPtr = (ast.Call | t.CPtr)(node)
+        if cl is None or cl.func is None:
+            return 0
+        fk: int = cl.func.kind()
+        if fk != ast.ASTKind.Attribute:
+            return 0
+        at: ast.Attribute | t.CPtr = (ast.Attribute | t.CPtr)(cl.func)
+        if at.value is None or at.attr is None:
+            return 0
+        if at.value.kind() != ast.ASTKind.Name:
+            return 0
+        vn: ast.Name | t.CPtr = (ast.Name | t.CPtr)(at.value)
+        if vn.id is None:
+            return 0
+        if string.strcmp(vn.id, "ctraits") != 0 or string.strcmp(at.attr, "isptr") != 0:
+            return 0
+        cargs: list[ast.AST | t.CPtr] | t.CPtr = cl.args
+        if cargs is None or cargs.__len__() < 1:
+            self.CifEvalOk = 0
+            return 0
+        arg0: ast.AST | t.CPtr = cargs.get(0)
+        if arg0 is None or arg0.kind() != ast.ASTKind.Name:
+            self.CifEvalOk = 0
+            return 0
+        nm0: ast.Name | t.CPtr = (ast.Name | t.CPtr)(arg0)
+        if nm0.id is None:
+            self.CifEvalOk = 0
+            return 0
+        r: int = self._eval_ctraits_isptr(trans.SymTab, nm0.id)
+        if r < 0:
+            self.CifEvalOk = 0
+            return 0
+        self.CifEvalOk = 1
+        return r
+
     def _evaluate_cif_test(self, pool: memhub.MemBuddy | t.CPtr,
                            trans: HT.Translator | t.CPtr,
                            test: ast.AST | t.CPtr) -> int:
diff --git a/App/lib/core/Gen/StructGenMixin.vp b/App/lib/core/Gen/StructGenMixin.vp
index f6b3ac3..8f142cb 100644
--- a/App/lib/core/Gen/StructGenMixin.vp
+++ b/App/lib/core/Gen/StructGenMixin.vp
@@ -317,12 +317,15 @@ class StructGenMixin:
         字段默认值（fe.DefaultVal）除定义文件内 _generate_before_init 使用外，
         跨文件结构体构造（_translate_struct_ctor → _apply_struct_defaults）会在
         调用方文件翻译时读取——原 pool AST 已 reset 回收必须深拷贝。
-        非常量默认值（Name/BinOp 等引用表达式）无法安全深拷贝：返回 None
+        支持 Constant（标量）与 List（列表字面量，如 t.CArray[str] = ["py", "pyw"]）。
+        其他非常量默认值（Name/BinOp 等引用表达式）无法安全深拷贝：返回 None
         （调用方 fe.DefaultVal 保持 None，仅定义文件内 _generate_before_init
         仍持有原始 pool 指针，不受影响）。
         """
         if default_val is None:
             return None
+        if default_val.kind() == ast.ASTKind.List:
+            return self._deep_copy_list_ast(default_val)
         if default_val.kind() != ast.ASTKind.Constant:
             return None
         src_c: ast.Constant | t.CPtr = (ast.Constant | t.CPtr)(default_val)
@@ -352,6 +355,57 @@ class StructGenMixin:
                 dst_c.str_val = s_copy
         return (ast.AST | t.CPtr)(dst_c)
 
+    def _deep_copy_list_ast(self, default_val: ast.AST | t.CPtr) -> ast.AST | t.CPtr:
+        """深拷贝 List 节点（列表字面量默认值）到 stdlib，跨 1b reset 存活。
+
+        elts 容器手动在 stdlib 构造（list 的 __pool__ 置 None：深拷贝的 elts
+        只被只读访问 get/__len__/迭代，不 append，不会触发 pool 扩容）。
+        元素递归调用 _deep_copy_default_ast（支持 Constant 与嵌套 List）。
+        """
+        src_l: ast.List | t.CPtr = (ast.List | t.CPtr)(default_val)
+        dst_l: ast.List | t.CPtr = (ast.List | t.CPtr)(
+            stdlib.malloc(ast.List.__sizeof__()))
+        if dst_l is None:
+            return None
+        string.memset(dst_l, 0, ast.List.__sizeof__())
+        # 拷贝 vtable 指针（AST 是 @t.CVTable，kind() 虚调用依赖首字段 vptr）
+        vt_l: t.CVoid | t.CPtr = t.CVoid(
+            c.Deref(t.CUInt64T(default_val, t.CPtr), t.CPtr), t.CPtr)
+        c.DerefAs(dst_l, vt_l)
+        # 拷贝位置字段与 ctx
+        dst_l.lineno = src_l.lineno
+        dst_l.col_offset = src_l.col_offset
+        dst_l.end_lineno = src_l.end_lineno
+        dst_l.end_col_offset = src_l.end_col_offset
+        dst_l.ctx = src_l.ctx
+        # 深拷贝 elts：stdlib 手动构造 list[AST | t.CPtr] 容器
+        src_elts_l: list[ast.AST | t.CPtr] | t.CPtr = src_l.elts
+        if src_elts_l is not None:
+            cnt_l: t.CSizeT = src_elts_l.__len__()
+            lst_copy_l: list[ast.AST | t.CPtr] | t.CPtr = (list[ast.AST | t.CPtr] | t.CPtr)(
+                stdlib.malloc(list[ast.AST | t.CPtr].__sizeof__()))
+            if lst_copy_l is not None:
+                string.memset(lst_copy_l, 0, list[ast.AST | t.CPtr].__sizeof__())
+                lst_copy_l.__count__ = cnt_l
+                lst_copy_l.__capacity__ = cnt_l
+                lst_copy_l.__elem_size__ = 8
+                lst_copy_l.__pool__ = None
+                data_l: t.CVoid | t.CPtr = stdlib.malloc(cnt_l * 8)
+                if data_l is not None:
+                    string.memset(data_l, 0, cnt_l * 8)
+                    lst_copy_l.__data__ = data_l
+                    li_l: t.CSizeT
+                    for li_l in range(cnt_l):
+                        elem_src_l: ast.AST | t.CPtr = src_elts_l.get(li_l)
+                        if elem_src_l is not None:
+                            elem_dst_l: ast.AST | t.CPtr = self._deep_copy_default_ast(elem_src_l)
+                            if elem_dst_l is not None:
+                                slot_l: ast.AST | t.CPtr = (ast.AST | t.CPtr)(
+                                    t.CVoid(t.CUInt64T(data_l) + li_l * 8, t.CPtr))
+                                slot_l[0] = elem_dst_l
+                dst_l.elts = lst_copy_l
+        return (ast.AST | t.CPtr)(dst_l)
+
     def get_struct_count(self) -> int:
         """返回当前已注册的结构体数量"""
         return self.StructCount
diff --git a/App/lib/core/Gen/TypeGenMixin.vp b/App/lib/core/Gen/TypeGenMixin.vp
index 45d3c79..952ed08 100644
--- a/App/lib/core/Gen/TypeGenMixin.vp
+++ b/App/lib/core/Gen/TypeGenMixin.vp
@@ -1608,6 +1608,11 @@ class TypeGenMixin:
                     if gp_tpn is not None and string.strcmp(nm.id, gp_tpn) == 0:
                         gp_ta: str = self.GenericTypeArgs.get(gp_i)
                         if gp_ta is not None:
+                            # 自映射防护（泛型循环套用）：实参与参数名相同（T→T）
+                            # 时 _parse_type_string 会重新解析回同一个 Name → 无条件
+                            # 自递归无退出条件 → 编译卡死。直接返回 None 让上层回落。
+                            if string.strcmp(gp_ta, gp_tpn) == 0:
+                                return None
                             # 用具体类型名递归解析（支持 BinOp/Attribute 类型实参）
                             gp_sub_node: ast.AST | t.CPtr = self._parse_type_string(pool, gp_ta, nm.ctx)
                             if gp_sub_node is not None:
diff --git a/App/lib/core/Handles/HandlesAnnAssign.vp b/App/lib/core/Handles/HandlesAnnAssign.vp
index 740bedd..86c7d8f 100644
--- a/App/lib/core/Handles/HandlesAnnAssign.vp
+++ b/App/lib/core/Handles/HandlesAnnAssign.vp
@@ -162,6 +162,72 @@ def _is_ptr_element_annotation(annot: ast.AST | t.CPtr) -> int:
     return 0
 
 
+# ============================================================
+# _is_single_param_carray_annot - 检查注解是否为单参 t.CArray[elem_ty]
+#
+# 单参形式（t.CArray[elem_ty]）与 count=None 形式（t.CArray[elem_ty, None]）
+# 都解析为 Ptr(elem_ty)。当 RHS 是列表字面量时，按 TPC 语义应推断为
+# 静态数组 [len x elem_ty]（对齐 TPC ParseListAnnotation 的 is_pointer 分支：
+# "单参数 list[type] → 指针，但如果有列表字面量初始化值则按数组 list[type, N] 处理"）。
+# ============================================================
+def _is_single_param_carray_annot(annot: ast.AST | t.CPtr) -> int:
+    """检查注解是否为单参/None 长度 t.CArray[...]，返回 1=是 0=否"""
+    if annot is None or annot.kind() != ast.ASTKind.Subscript:
+        return 0
+    sub: ast.Subscript | t.CPtr = (ast.Subscript | t.CPtr)(annot)
+    if sub.value is None or sub.slice is None:
+        return 0
+    if sub.value.kind() != ast.ASTKind.Attribute:
+        return 0
+    at: ast.Attribute | t.CPtr = (ast.Attribute | t.CPtr)(sub.value)
+    if at.attr is None or string.strcmp(at.attr, "CArray") != 0:
+        return 0
+    if at.value is None or at.value.kind() != ast.ASTKind.Name:
+        return 0
+    mv: ast.Name | t.CPtr = (ast.Name | t.CPtr)(at.value)
+    if mv.id is None or string.strcmp(mv.id, "t") != 0:
+        return 0
+    # 单参形式：slice 非 Tuple（如 t.CArray[u64]）
+    if sub.slice.kind() != ast.ASTKind.Tuple:
+        return 1
+    # 双参形式：count=None（t.CArray[u64, None]）→ 等价单参
+    tup: ast.Tuple | t.CPtr = (ast.Tuple | t.CPtr)(sub.slice)
+    if tup.elts is None or tup.elts.__len__() < 2:
+        return 0
+    cnt_node: ast.AST | t.CPtr = tup.elts.get(1)
+    if cnt_node is not None and cnt_node.kind() == ast.ASTKind.Constant:
+        cn0: ast.Constant | t.CPtr = (ast.Constant | t.CPtr)(cnt_node)
+        if cn0.const_kind == ast.CONST_NONE:
+            return 1
+    return 0
+
+
+# ============================================================
+# _infer_static_array_ty_from_literal - 单参 CArray + 列表字面量 → 静态数组
+#
+# 单参 t.CArray[elem_ty] 解析为 Ptr(elem_ty)，但当 RHS 是列表字面量时，
+# 按 TPC 语义应推断为 [len x elem_ty]（对齐 TPC ParseListAnnotation）：
+# 避免误走动态 list 构造（_find_pool_var 兜底引用外部 @_mbuddy → 链接期
+# undefined）。PreScan 与 Handle 都调用（PreScan 预创建 alloca 的类型必须
+# 与 Handle 一致，否则 get_or_create_sym 复用旧 alloca 使推断失效）。
+# ============================================================
+def _infer_static_array_ty_from_literal(pool: memhub.MemBuddy | t.CPtr,
+                                        annot: ast.AST | t.CPtr,
+                                        value: ast.AST | t.CPtr,
+                                        resolved_ty: llvmlite.LLVMType | t.CPtr) -> llvmlite.LLVMType | t.CPtr:
+    """单参 CArray + 列表字面量 → Array(elem_ty, len)；否则返回原类型"""
+    if value is not None and value.kind() == ast.ASTKind.List and resolved_ty is not None:
+        if _is_single_param_carray_annot(annot) != 0:
+            elem_ty_arr: llvmlite.LLVMType | t.CPtr = resolved_ty.Pointee
+            lst_arr: ast.List | t.CPtr = (ast.List | t.CPtr)(value)
+            cnt_arr: int = 0
+            if lst_arr.elts is not None:
+                cnt_arr = lst_arr.elts.__len__()
+            if elem_ty_arr is not None and cnt_arr > 0:
+                return llvmlite.Array(pool, elem_ty_arr, cnt_arr)
+    return resolved_ty
+
+
 # ============================================================
 # _init_global_array_from_list — 从列表字面量初始化全局数组
 #
@@ -279,6 +345,10 @@ class AnnAssignHandle(HandlesBase.Mixin):
                                             pool, annot, self.Trans._imported_modules, self.Trans._from_imports, self.Trans)
             if resolved is not None:
                 var_ty = resolved
+                # 单参 t.CArray[elem_ty] + 列表字面量 → 静态数组（与 Handle 推断一致）。
+                # PreScan 预创建的 alloca 类型必须与 Handle 期望一致，否则 Handle 的
+                # get_or_create_sym 复用旧 alloca，数组推断失效仍走动态 list → _mbuddy。
+                var_ty = _infer_static_array_ty_from_literal(pool, annot, aa.value, var_ty)
             else:
                 # fast-fail: 注解类型解析失败，Python traceback 立即终止（不静默回退 i32）
                 HandlesType.fatal_error(
@@ -440,6 +510,11 @@ class AnnAssignHandle(HandlesBase.Mixin):
                         llvmlite.build_store(builder, rhs_val_mg, mod_glob)
             return 0
 
+        # 单参 t.CArray[elem_ty] + 列表字面量 → 按静态数组处理（count 从字面量长度推断）
+        # 与 PreScan 推断一致：get_or_create_sym 复用 PreScan 创建的 alloca，
+        # 类型一致才能命中局部数组快路径，避免 _find_pool_var 兜底引用 @_mbuddy。
+        var_ty = _infer_static_array_ty_from_literal(pool, annot, aa.value, var_ty)
+
         # 普通局部变量
         # 创建 alloca
         alloca: llvmlite.Value | t.CPtr = HandlesVar.get_or_create_sym(
diff --git a/App/lib/core/Handles/HandlesType.vp b/App/lib/core/Handles/HandlesType.vp
index 231d3bc..d73cee7 100644
--- a/App/lib/core/Handles/HandlesType.vp
+++ b/App/lib/core/Handles/HandlesType.vp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import lib.core.VLogger as VLogger
 import lib.core.Handles.HandlesTranslator as HT
 import lib.core.Handles.HandlesImports as HandlesImports
 import lib.core.Handles.HandlesStruct as HandlesStruct
+import lib.core.Handles.HandlesVar as HandlesVar
 
 
 # ============================================================
@@ -174,6 +175,19 @@ def lookup_cdefine_double(name: str) -> double:
     return 0.0
 
 
+def eval_ctraits_isptr(symtab: HandlesVar.SymbolTable | t.CPtr,
+                       name: str) -> int:
+    """ctraits.isptr(name) 编译期求值（委托到 gen._eval_ctraits_isptr）。
+
+    返回: 1=指针 0=非指针 -1=无法求值。
+    """
+    import lib.core.Gen.Generator as Generator
+    g: Generator.Generator | t.CPtr = (Generator.Generator | t.CPtr)(t.CVoid(_g_gen, t.CPtr))
+    if g is not None:
+        return g._eval_ctraits_isptr(symtab, name)
+    return -1
+
+
 def is_cdefine_double() -> int:
     """检查最近一次 CDefine 查找命中的是否是浮点常量（委托到 gen.is_cdefine_double）"""
     import lib.core.Gen.Generator as Generator