修正了 TPC 的一些错误，包括 Test 维护后 TPV 无法重新编译或重编译后越界的部分问题

lib/core/Handles/HandlesAnnAssign.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from lib.core.Handles.HandlesBase import BaseHandle, CTypeInfo
 from lib.core.VLogger import get_logger as _vlog
 from lib.constants.config import mode as _config_mode
 from lib.includes import t
-from lib.core.SymbolUtils import IsListAnnotation, ParseListAnnotation, FindStructNameInAnnotation, AnnotationContainsName
+from lib.core.SymbolUtils import IsListAnnotation, ParseListAnnotation, FindStructNameInAnnotation, AnnotationContainsName, IsCPtrNode
 
 
 class AnnAssignHandle(BaseHandle):
@@ -105,6 +105,16 @@ class AnnAssignHandle(BaseHandle):
                         ObjVal = Gen.builder.bitcast(ObjVal, ir.PointerType(Gen.structs[ClassName]), name=f"cast_{ClassName}")
                     if isinstance(ObjVal.type, ir.PointerType) and isinstance(ObjVal.type.pointee, ir.PointerType):
                         ObjVal = Gen._load(ObjVal, name=f"Load_{ClassName}")
+                    # opaque 泛型结构体 → 特化版本 bitcast
+                    # 当 ObjVal 的 pointee 是 opaque 基础泛型结构体（如 GSList，来自跨模块 stub），
+                    # 而 ClassName 是特化版本（如 GSList[BasicBlock]）时，两者是不同的
+                    # IdentifiedStructType，直接比较会失败。这里 bitcast 到特化版本，
+                    # 使后续 GEP 能正确访问字段。
+                    if (isinstance(ObjVal.type, ir.PointerType)
+                            and isinstance(ObjVal.type.pointee, ir.IdentifiedStructType)
+                            and ObjVal.type.pointee is not Gen.structs[ClassName]
+                            and '[' in ClassName):
+                        ObjVal = Gen.builder.bitcast(ObjVal, ir.PointerType(Gen.structs[ClassName]), name=f"cast_spec_{ClassName}")
                     if isinstance(ObjVal.type, ir.PointerType) and ObjVal.type.pointee == Gen.structs[ClassName]:
                         if IsUnion:
                             NestedStructName: str = f"{ClassName}_{AttrName}"
@@ -139,8 +149,16 @@ class AnnAssignHandle(BaseHandle):
                 if isinstance(TargetType, ir.IntType) and isinstance(Value.type, ir.IntType):
                     if TargetType.width < Value.type.width:
                         Value = Gen.builder.trunc(Value, TargetType, name="trunc")
-                    else:
-                        Value = Gen.builder.zext(Value, TargetType, name="zext")
+                    elif TargetType.width > Value.type.width:
+                        if Value.type.width == 1:
+                            # i1 是布尔值，无符号语义，必须 zext
+                            Value = Gen.builder.zext(Value, TargetType, name="zext")
+                        else:
+                            is_unsigned: bool = id(Value) in Gen._unsigned_results
+                            if is_unsigned:
+                                Value = Gen.builder.zext(Value, TargetType, name="zext")
+                            else:
+                                Value = Gen.builder.sext(Value, TargetType, name="sext")
                 elif isinstance(TargetType, ir.PointerType) and isinstance(Value.type, ir.PointerType):
                     Value = Gen.builder.bitcast(Value, TargetType, name="ptr_bitcast")
                 elif isinstance(TargetType, ir.PointerType) and isinstance(Value.type, ir.IntType):
@@ -468,6 +486,33 @@ class AnnAssignHandle(BaseHandle):
                 if VarName not in Gen.var_struct_class:
                     Gen.var_struct_class[VarName] = TypeInfo.Name
                     Gen.global_struct_class[VarName] = TypeInfo.Name
+            # 检测指针到指针缓冲区变量：注解为 StructName | t.CPtr，且赋值来自 t.CPtr(...) 调用。
+            # 这种变量（如 list[T].__getitem__ 中的 elem_ptr: T | t.CPtr = t.CPtr(...)）
+            # 实际指向存储结构体指针的缓冲区（T=AST|t.CPtr 时特化为 AST*，缓冲区存 AST* 数组）。
+            # [index] 应 bitcast 为 AST** 后 GEP 指针数组再 load，而非 GEP 结构体数组。
+            # 泛型特化将 T|t.CPtr 降级为 StructName|t.CPtr（丢失一层指针），故通过赋值来源区分：
+            # elem_ptr 的值是 t.CPtr(buf + idx*elem_size)（原始指针运算，缓冲区内容未知），
+            # pts 的值是 (Point|t.CPtr)(...)（类型转换，明确指向 Point 结构体）。
+            _is_cptr_assign: bool = (
+                isinstance(Node.value, ast.Call)
+                and isinstance(Node.value.func, ast.Attribute)
+                and isinstance(Node.value.func.value, ast.Name)
+                and Node.value.func.value.id == 't'
+                and Node.value.func.attr == 'CPtr'
+            )
+            _is_struct_ptr_union: bool = (
+                isinstance(Node.annotation, ast.BinOp)
+                and isinstance(Node.annotation.op, ast.BitOr)
+                and ((IsCPtrNode(Node.annotation.left)
+                      and isinstance(Node.annotation.right, ast.Name)
+                      and Node.annotation.right.id in Gen.structs)
+                     or (IsCPtrNode(Node.annotation.right)
+                         and isinstance(Node.annotation.left, ast.Name)
+                         and Node.annotation.left.id in Gen.structs))
+            )
+            if _is_cptr_assign and _is_struct_ptr_union:
+                Gen.var_ptr_element[VarName] = True
+                Gen.global_var_ptr_element[VarName] = True
             if VarName in Gen._reg_values:
                 OldVal: ir.Value = Gen._reg_values[VarName]
                 if isinstance(OldVal.type, ir.PointerType):
@@ -511,14 +556,22 @@ class AnnAssignHandle(BaseHandle):
                         VarPtr: ir.Value = Gen.variables[VarName]
                         if isinstance(VarPtr.type, ir.PointerType):
                             TargetType: ir.Type = VarPtr.type.pointee
-                            if InitValue.type != TargetType:
-                                if isinstance(InitValue.type, ir.IntType) and isinstance(TargetType, ir.IntType):
-                                    if TargetType.width > InitValue.type.width:
-                                        InitValue = Gen.builder.zext(InitValue, TargetType, name=f"zext_{VarName}")
-                                    elif TargetType.width < InitValue.type.width:
-                                        InitValue = Gen.builder.trunc(InitValue, TargetType, name=f"trunc_{VarName}")
-                                elif isinstance(InitValue.type, ir.PointerType) and isinstance(TargetType, ir.PointerType):
-                                    InitValue = Gen.builder.bitcast(InitValue, TargetType, name=f"cast_{VarName}")
+                            if InitValue.type != TargetType:
+                                if isinstance(InitValue.type, ir.IntType) and isinstance(TargetType, ir.IntType):
+                                    if TargetType.width > InitValue.type.width:
+                                        if InitValue.type.width == 1:
+                                            # i1 是布尔值，无符号语义，必须 zext
+                                            InitValue = Gen.builder.zext(InitValue, TargetType, name=f"zext_{VarName}")
+                                        else:
+                                            is_unsigned: bool = (Node.value is not None and Gen._check_node_unsigned(Node.value)) or id(InitValue) in Gen._unsigned_results
+                                            if is_unsigned:
+                                                InitValue = Gen.builder.zext(InitValue, TargetType, name=f"zext_{VarName}")
+                                            else:
+                                                InitValue = Gen.builder.sext(InitValue, TargetType, name=f"sext_{VarName}")
+                                    elif TargetType.width < InitValue.type.width:
+                                        InitValue = Gen.builder.trunc(InitValue, TargetType, name=f"trunc_{VarName}")
+                                elif isinstance(InitValue.type, ir.PointerType) and isinstance(TargetType, ir.PointerType):
+                                    InitValue = Gen.builder.bitcast(InitValue, TargetType, name=f"cast_{VarName}")
                         Gen._store(InitValue, VarPtr)
                     except Exception as _e:
                         if _config_mode == "strict":
@@ -567,9 +620,25 @@ class AnnAssignHandle(BaseHandle):
                         return
                     for CN, ST in Gen.structs.items():
                         if pointee is ST or pointee == ST:
-                            if CN != Gen.var_struct_class.get(VarName):
-                                Gen.var_struct_class[VarName] = CN
-                                Gen.global_struct_class[VarName] = CN
+                            # 若注解是泛型特化（如 ndarray[t.CDouble] | t.CPtr），
+                            # 构造正确的特化名（如 ndarray[double]），而非用 opaque 基础名
+                            resolved_cn: str = CN
+                            if isinstance(Node.annotation, ast.BinOp) and isinstance(Node.annotation.op, ast.BitOr) and '[' not in CN:
+                                for side in (Node.annotation.left, Node.annotation.right):
+                                    if isinstance(side, ast.Subscript):
+                                        bn: ast.expr = side.value
+                                        bnm: str | None = bn.id if isinstance(bn, ast.Name) else (bn.attr if isinstance(bn, ast.Attribute) else None)
+                                        if bnm and bnm == CN:
+                                            sn2: ast.AST = side.slice
+                                            if hasattr(ast, 'Index') and isinstance(sn2, ast.Index):
+                                                sn2 = sn2.value
+                                            r2: tuple[str, str] | None = self.Trans.ExprCallHandle._resolve_generic_slice_type(sn2)
+                                            if r2:
+                                                resolved_cn = f'{CN}[{r2[0]}]'
+                                                break
+                            if resolved_cn != Gen.var_struct_class.get(VarName):
+                                Gen.var_struct_class[VarName] = resolved_cn
+                                Gen.global_struct_class[VarName] = resolved_cn
                             if isinstance(VarType, ir.PointerType) and VarType.pointee is not ST and VarType.pointee != ST:
                                 var = Gen._allocaEntry(ir.PointerType(pointee), name=VarName)
                                 VarType = ir.PointerType(pointee)
@@ -579,7 +648,15 @@ class AnnAssignHandle(BaseHandle):
                     if InitValue.type != VarType:
                         if isinstance(InitValue.type, ir.IntType) and isinstance(VarType, ir.IntType):
                             if VarType.width > InitValue.type.width:
-                                InitValue = Gen.builder.zext(InitValue, VarType, name=f"zext_{VarName}")
+                                if InitValue.type.width == 1:
+                                    # i1 是布尔值，无符号语义，必须 zext
+                                    InitValue = Gen.builder.zext(InitValue, VarType, name=f"zext_{VarName}")
+                                else:
+                                    is_unsigned: bool = (Node.value is not None and Gen._check_node_unsigned(Node.value)) or id(InitValue) in Gen._unsigned_results
+                                    if is_unsigned:
+                                        InitValue = Gen.builder.zext(InitValue, VarType, name=f"zext_{VarName}")
+                                    else:
+                                        InitValue = Gen.builder.sext(InitValue, VarType, name=f"sext_{VarName}")
                             elif VarType.width < InitValue.type.width:
                                 InitValue = Gen.builder.trunc(InitValue, VarType, name=f"trunc_{VarName}")
                         elif isinstance(InitValue.type, ir.PointerType) and isinstance(VarType, ir.PointerType):
@@ -622,6 +699,27 @@ class AnnAssignHandle(BaseHandle):
 
             if isinstance(Node.annotation, ast.BinOp) and isinstance(Node.annotation.op, ast.BitOr):
                 found_struct: str | None = FindStructNameInAnnotation(Node.annotation, Gen.structs)
+                # 若 FindStructNameInAnnotation 仅返回裸模板名（如 'ndarray'），但注解中
+                # 含泛型特化（如 numpy.ndarray[t.CDouble]），用 LLVM 类型名构造特化名
+                # （如 'ndarray[double]'）。main.py 的 Gen.structs 可能只有 opaque 'ndarray'，
+                # 但 numpy 模块已特化 ndarray[double]，方法调用通过 sha1 前缀查找。
+                if found_struct and '[' not in found_struct:
+                    for side in (Node.annotation.left, Node.annotation.right):
+                        if isinstance(side, ast.Subscript):
+                            base_node: ast.expr = side.value
+                            base_nm: str | None = None
+                            if isinstance(base_node, ast.Name):
+                                base_nm = base_node.id
+                            elif isinstance(base_node, ast.Attribute):
+                                base_nm = base_node.attr
+                            if base_nm and base_nm == found_struct:
+                                slice_node: ast.AST = side.slice
+                                if hasattr(ast, 'Index') and isinstance(slice_node, ast.Index):
+                                    slice_node = slice_node.value
+                                result: tuple[str, str] | None = self.Trans.ExprCallHandle._resolve_generic_slice_type(slice_node)
+                                if result:
+                                    found_struct = f'{base_nm}[{result[0]}]'
+                                    break
                 if found_struct:
                     Gen.var_struct_class[VarName] = found_struct
                     Gen.global_struct_class[VarName] = found_struct
@@ -632,7 +730,10 @@ class AnnAssignHandle(BaseHandle):
                     for CN, ST in Gen.structs.items():
                         if pointee == ST:
                             Gen._var_to_heap_ptr[VarName] = InitValue
-                            if CN != Gen.var_struct_class.get(VarName):
+                            # 不覆盖已设置的特化名（含 '['）：opaque 基础类型（如 ndarray）
+                            # 会匹配到裸模板名，但注解已提供更精确的特化名（如 ndarray[double]）
+                            existing_cn: str | None = Gen.var_struct_class.get(VarName)
+                            if not (existing_cn and '[' in existing_cn) and CN != existing_cn:
                                 Gen.var_struct_class[VarName] = CN
                                 Gen.global_struct_class[VarName] = CN
                             break

lib/core/Handles/HandlesAssign.py

@@ -536,7 +536,15 @@ class AssignHandle(BaseHandle):
                                                 if DefVal.type != expected_type:
                                                     if isinstance(expected_type, ir.IntType) and isinstance(DefVal.type, ir.IntType):
                                                         if DefVal.type.width < expected_type.width:
-                                                            DefVal = Gen.builder.zext(DefVal, expected_type, name=f"zext_default_{arg_idx}")
+                                                            if DefVal.type.width == 1:
+                                                                # i1 是布尔值，无符号语义，必须 zext
+                                                                DefVal = Gen.builder.zext(DefVal, expected_type, name=f"zext_default_{arg_idx}")
+                                                            else:
+                                                                is_unsigned: bool = Gen._check_node_unsigned(arg_def[def_idx]) or id(DefVal) in Gen._unsigned_results
+                                                                if is_unsigned:
+                                                                    DefVal = Gen.builder.zext(DefVal, expected_type, name=f"zext_default_{arg_idx}")
+                                                                else:
+                                                                    DefVal = Gen.builder.sext(DefVal, expected_type, name=f"sext_default_{arg_idx}")
                                                         elif DefVal.type.width > expected_type.width:
                                                             DefVal = Gen.builder.trunc(DefVal, expected_type, name=f"trunc_default_{arg_idx}")
                                                 CallArgs.append(DefVal)
@@ -802,6 +810,21 @@ class AssignHandle(BaseHandle):
                                        (isinstance(_ObjPointee, ir.IdentifiedStructType) and isinstance(_TargetStruct, ir.IdentifiedStructType) and
                                         (_ObjPointee.name == _TargetStruct.name or
                                          Gen._extract_short_name(_ObjPointee.name) == Gen._extract_short_name(_TargetStruct.name)))))
+                    # opaque 泛型结构体 → 特化版本 bitcast
+                    # 当 ObjVal 的 pointee 是 opaque 基础泛型结构体（如 GSList，来自跨模块 stub），
+                    # 而 ClassName 是特化版本（如 GSList[BasicBlock]）时，两者 short name 不同
+                    # （GSList vs GSList[BasicBlock]），_MatchesStruct 失败。
+                    # 验证特化 short name 以 基础名+'[' 开头，bitcast 到特化版本使后续 GEP 能正确访问字段。
+                    if (not _MatchesStruct
+                            and isinstance(ObjVal.type, ir.PointerType)
+                            and isinstance(_ObjPointee, ir.IdentifiedStructType)
+                            and isinstance(_TargetStruct, ir.IdentifiedStructType)
+                            and '[' in ClassName):
+                        _BaseShort: str = Gen._extract_short_name(_ObjPointee.name)
+                        _SpecShort: str = Gen._extract_short_name(_TargetStruct.name)
+                        if _BaseShort and _SpecShort.startswith(_BaseShort + '['):
+                            ObjVal = Gen.builder.bitcast(ObjVal, ir.PointerType(_TargetStruct), name=f"cast_spec_{ClassName}")
+                            _MatchesStruct = True
                     if isinstance(ObjVal.type, ir.PointerType) and _MatchesStruct:
                         if IsUnion:
                             NestedStructName: str = f"{ClassName}_{AttrName}"

lib/core/Handles/HandlesClassDef.py

@@ -220,6 +220,11 @@ class ClassHandle(BaseHandle):
             Gen.global_vars = saved_global_vars
             self.Trans.VarScopes = saved_var_scopes
         Gen._generic_class_specializations[spec_key] = (spec_name, declare_only)
+        # 缓存 type_args/type_names，供后续 declare_only=False 完整特化补发方法体使用
+        # （如 _HandleMethodCallLlvm 中发现方法未定义时触发）
+        if not hasattr(Gen, '_generic_class_spec_type_info'):
+            Gen._generic_class_spec_type_info = {}
+        Gen._generic_class_spec_type_info[spec_key] = (list(type_args), list(type_names) if type_names else None)
         if not hasattr(self.Trans, '_generic_class_specializations'):
             self.Trans._generic_class_specializations = {}
         self.Trans._generic_class_specializations[spec_key] = spec_name
@@ -535,33 +540,50 @@ class ClassHandle(BaseHandle):
                     if pm_name in parent_defaults:
                         Gen.class_member_defaults[ClassName][pm_name] = parent_defaults[pm_name]
             Gen.class_members[ClassName] = inherited + Gen.class_members[ClassName]
-            if ParentClass in Gen.class_methods:
-                parent_methods: list = list(Gen.class_methods[ParentClass])
-                # 构建子类已有方法映射（方法短名 -> 方法全名）
-                child_method_map: dict[str, str] = {}
-                for m in Gen.class_methods[ClassName]:
-                    method_name: str = m.split('.')[-1] if '.' in m else m
-                    child_method_map[method_name] = m
-                # 父类方法在前（保证 vtable 布局一致性，子类多态分派索引正确），
-                # 子类新增方法在后。子类覆盖的方法放在父类方法的位置（用子类实现）。
-                new_methods: list = []
-                covered_names: set[str] = set()
-                for pm in parent_methods:
-                    method_name: str = pm.split('.')[-1] if '.' in pm else pm
-                    if method_name in child_method_map:
-                        # 子类覆盖了父类方法 — 用子类的实现，放在父类的位置
-                        new_methods.append(child_method_map[method_name])
-                        covered_names.add(method_name)
-                    else:
-                        # 父类独有方法 — 子类未覆盖，注册子类包装器
-                        child_method: str = f"{ClassName}.{method_name}"
-                        new_methods.append(child_method)
-                        Gen.register_method(ClassName, child_method)
-                # 添加子类新增方法（不在父类中的）
-                for m in Gen.class_methods[ClassName]:
-                    method_name: str = m.split('.')[-1] if '.' in m else m
-                    if method_name not in covered_names:
-                        new_methods.append(m)
+            if ParentClass in Gen.class_methods:
+                parent_methods: list = list(Gen.class_methods[ParentClass])
+                # 从 Node.body 收集子类自有方法（此时 Gen.class_methods[ClassName] 可能为空，
+                # 因为自有方法在 L660-676 才注册。若直接用 Gen.class_methods[ClassName]，
+                # child_method_map 会为空，所有父类方法被当作"未覆盖"添加为包装器，
+                # 然后 register_method 又把它们追加到 Gen.class_methods[ClassName]，
+                # L566 循环再次添加 → 产生重复条目，vtable 布局与导入模块不一致）
+                child_method_map: dict[str, str] = {}
+                child_self_methods_snapshot: list[str] = []
+                for _item in Node.body:
+                    if isinstance(_item, ast.FunctionDef):
+                        _mname: str = _item.name
+                        if _mname in ('__new__', '__init__', '__before_init__'):
+                            continue
+                        _item_meta: FuncMeta = self.Trans.FunctionHandler._ExtractFuncMeta(_item.decorator_list)
+                        if FuncMeta.PROPERTY_SETTER in _item_meta:
+                            _full: str = f"{ClassName}.{_mname}$set"
+                        elif FuncMeta.PROPERTY_DELETER in _item_meta:
+                            _full = f"{ClassName}.{_mname}$del"
+                        else:
+                            _full = f"{ClassName}.{_mname}"
+                        _short: str = _mname
+                        child_method_map[_short] = _full
+                        child_self_methods_snapshot.append(_full)
+                # 父类方法在前（保证 vtable 布局一致性，子类多态分派索引正确），
+                # 子类新增方法在后。子类覆盖的方法放在父类方法的位置（用子类实现）。
+                new_methods: list = []
+                covered_names: set[str] = set()
+                for pm in parent_methods:
+                    method_name: str = pm.split('.')[-1] if '.' in pm else pm
+                    if method_name in child_method_map:
+                        # 子类覆盖了父类方法 — 用子类的实现，放在父类的位置
+                        new_methods.append(child_method_map[method_name])
+                        covered_names.add(method_name)
+                    else:
+                        # 父类独有方法 — 子类未覆盖，注册子类包装器
+                        child_method: str = f"{ClassName}.{method_name}"
+                        new_methods.append(child_method)
+                        Gen.register_method(ClassName, child_method)
+                # 添加子类新增方法（不在父类中的）— 使用快照避免 register_method 污染
+                for m in child_self_methods_snapshot:
+                    method_name: str = m.split('.')[-1] if '.' in m else m
+                    if method_name not in covered_names:
+                        new_methods.append(m)
                 Gen.class_methods[ClassName] = new_methods
         # 提取首个裸字符串字面量作为结构体 __doc__ docstring
         if (Node.body and isinstance(Node.body[0], ast.Expr)
@@ -609,6 +631,19 @@ class ClassHandle(BaseHandle):
                                 if ClassName not in Gen.class_member_element_class:
                                     Gen.class_member_element_class[ClassName] = {}
                                 Gen.class_member_element_class[ClassName][VarName] = element_class
+                    # 泛型特化结构体指针字段（如 GSList[BasicBlock] | t.CPtr）：
+                    # 记录特化名，供后续 _try_access_opaque_generic_member 在所有候选特化版本
+                    # 都有目标字段（如 Head/Tail/Count）时选择正确特化版本。
+                    # 现有 i8* 分支不覆盖结构体指针字段，这里补充。
+                    elif (isinstance(MemberType, ir.PointerType)
+                            and isinstance(MemberType.pointee, ir.IdentifiedStructType)
+                            and isinstance(item.annotation, ast.BinOp)
+                            and isinstance(item.annotation.op, ast.BitOr)):
+                        spec_in_anno: str | None = FindStructNameInAnnotation(item.annotation, Gen.structs)
+                        if spec_in_anno and '[' in spec_in_anno:
+                            if ClassName not in Gen.class_member_element_class:
+                                Gen.class_member_element_class[ClassName] = {}
+                            Gen.class_member_element_class[ClassName][VarName] = spec_in_anno
                     if hasattr(TypeInfo.BaseType, 'IsSigned'):
                         Gen.class_member_signeds[ClassName][VarName] = TypeInfo.BaseType.IsSigned
                     else:

lib/core/Handles/HandlesExpr.py

@@ -377,6 +377,12 @@ class ExprHandle(BaseHandle):
                 if VarName in Gen.global_struct_class:
                     Gen.var_struct_class[VarName] = Gen.global_struct_class[VarName]
                 return VarPtr
+            # 防御性恢复：对于 double-pointer（如 ndarray**，pointee 是 PointerType）
+            # 或其他非结构体类型，若 global_struct_class 已记录该变量的类名，
+            # 也恢复 var_struct_class。这确保方法调用能查找到正确的特化类
+            # （如 ndarray[double]），而非 fallback 到 opaque 基础类型。
+            if VarName in Gen.global_struct_class and VarName not in Gen.var_struct_class:
+                Gen.var_struct_class[VarName] = Gen.global_struct_class[VarName]
             loaded: ir.Value = Gen._load(VarPtr, name=VarName)
             # 大端局部变量：读取时 bswap 还原
             loaded = Gen._apply_bswap_if_big(loaded, getattr(Gen, 'local_var_byteorders', {}).get(VarName, ""), f"bswap_load_{VarName}")

lib/core/Handles/HandlesExprAttr.py

@@ -87,15 +87,71 @@ class ExprAttrHandle(BaseHandle):
                 return (ST2, CN2)
         return None
 
-    def _try_access_opaque_generic_member(self, Gen: LlvmCodeGenerator, ObjVal: ir.Value, opaque_struct: Any, Node: ast.Attribute, orig_CN: str) -> ir.Value | None:
-        """通过特化版本访问 opaque 非特化泛型结构体成员。"""
-        spec_result: Any = self._find_specialized_struct_with_body(Gen, opaque_struct)
-        if spec_result is None:
+    def _try_access_opaque_generic_member(self, Gen: LlvmCodeGenerator, ObjVal: ir.Value, opaque_struct: Any, Node: ast.Attribute, orig_CN: str, parent_hint: str | None = None) -> ir.Value | None:
+        """通过特化版本访问 opaque 非特化泛型结构体成员。
+
+        遍历所有候选特化版本（如 GSList[Param]/GSList[NameEntry]），
+        优先选择 class_members 中包含 Node.attr 字段的版本，
+        避免选到错误特化版本（如 GSList[NameEntry] 而非 GSList[Param]）
+        导致 _get_member_offset 返回 None 而生成 ret null。
+
+        parent_hint: 父上下文提供的特化提示（如 'GSList[BasicBlock]'），
+                     当所有候选都有目标字段（如 Head/Tail/Count）时，
+                     用此提示选择正确特化版本。"""
+        # 收集所有候选特化版本（有 body 的）
+        candidates: list[tuple[ir.IdentifiedStructType, str]] = []
+        if isinstance(opaque_struct, ir.IdentifiedStructType):
+            base_name: str = opaque_struct.name or ""
+            short_name: str = base_name.split('.')[-1] if '.' in base_name else base_name
+            if short_name and '[' not in short_name:
+                for CN2, ST2 in Gen.structs.items():
+                    if not isinstance(ST2, ir.IdentifiedStructType):
+                        continue
+                    if ST2 is opaque_struct:
+                        continue
+                    if ST2.elements is None:
+                        continue
+                    st2_short: str = (ST2.name or "").split('.')[-1] if '.' in (ST2.name or "") else (ST2.name or "")
+                    if st2_short.startswith(short_name + '['):
+                        candidates.append((ST2, CN2))
+        if not candidates:
             return None
+        # 优先级 1: parent_hint 精确匹配（如 'GSList[BasicBlock]'）
+        # 当父对象字段声明记录了特化名时，直接使用，避免 Head/Tail/Count 等公共字段歧义
+        if parent_hint:
+            hint_short: str = parent_hint.split('.')[-1] if '.' in parent_hint else parent_hint
+            for spec_st, spec_CN in candidates:
+                spec_short: str = spec_CN.split('.')[-1] if '.' in spec_CN else spec_CN
+                if spec_short == hint_short:
+                    CastedObj: Any = Gen.builder.bitcast(ObjVal, ir.PointerType(spec_st), name=f"cast_spec_{orig_CN}")
+                    for lookup_CN in (spec_CN, orig_CN):
+                        bitfield_offsets: Any = Gen.class_member_bitoffsets.get(lookup_CN, {})
+                        if Node.attr in bitfield_offsets:
+                            return self._load_bitfield_member(CastedObj, lookup_CN, Node.attr)
+                        offset: int | None = Gen._get_member_offset(Node.attr, lookup_CN)
+                        if offset is not None:
+                            return self._gep_and_Load_member(Gen, CastedObj, offset, Node.attr, lookup_CN, spec_st)
+                    break
+        # 优先级 2: class_members 中包含 Node.attr 字段的特化版本
+        best_candidate: tuple[ir.IdentifiedStructType, str] | None = None
+        for spec_st, spec_CN in candidates:
+            for lookup_CN in (spec_CN, orig_CN):
+                lookup_short: str = lookup_CN.split('.')[-1] if '.' in lookup_CN else lookup_CN
+                for chk_CN in (lookup_CN, lookup_short):
+                    if chk_CN in Gen.class_members:
+                        if any(name == Node.attr for name, _ in Gen.class_members[chk_CN]):
+                            best_candidate = (spec_st, spec_CN)
+                            break
+                if best_candidate:
+                    break
+            if best_candidate:
+                break
+        if best_candidate is None:
+            best_candidate = candidates[0]
         spec_st: ir.IdentifiedStructType
         spec_CN: str
-        spec_st, spec_CN = spec_result
-        CastedObj: Any = Gen.builder.bitcast(ObjVal, ir.PointerType(spec_st), name=f"cast_spec_{orig_CN}")
+        spec_st, spec_CN = best_candidate
+        CastedObj = Gen.builder.bitcast(ObjVal, ir.PointerType(spec_st), name=f"cast_spec_{orig_CN}")
         for lookup_CN in (spec_CN, orig_CN):
             bitfield_offsets: Any = Gen.class_member_bitoffsets.get(lookup_CN, {})
             if Node.attr in bitfield_offsets:
@@ -467,14 +523,33 @@ class ExprAttrHandle(BaseHandle):
                     ClassName = CN
                     struct_match = self._check_struct_match(Gen, ObjVal, ClassName)
         # 最终回退：var_struct_class 可能被前一个函数污染（如 cur 在不同函数中
-        # 分别是 Line/Param/BasicBlock），通过 ObjVal 的实际 pointee 类型恢复正确类名
+        # 分别是 Line/Param/BasicBlock），通过 ObjVal 的实际 pointee 类型恢复正确类名。
+        # 但若 var_struct_class 已记录特化名（如 ndarray[double]），且 ObjVal 的
+        # pointee 是对应的 opaque 基础类型（如 ndarray），则 bitcast 到特化版本，
+        # 不覆盖为裸模板名（否则后续方法调用会查找 ndarray.xxx 而非 ndarray[double].xxx）
         if not struct_match and isinstance(ObjVal.type, ir.PointerType):
             found: Any = Gen.find_struct_by_pointee(ObjVal.type.pointee)
             if found:
-                ClassName = found[0]
-                struct_match = True
-                if VarName:
-                    Gen.var_struct_class[VarName] = ClassName
+                found_name: str = found[0]
+                # 检查 var_struct_class 是否已记录 found_name 的特化版本
+                preserved: bool = False
+                if VarName and VarName in Gen.var_struct_class:
+                    cur_spec: str = Gen.var_struct_class[VarName]
+                    if ('[' in cur_spec
+                            and cur_spec.split('[')[0] == found_name
+                            and cur_spec in Gen.structs):
+                        # bitcast ObjVal (opaque base*) 到特化类型指针，保留特化名
+                        ObjVal = Gen.builder.bitcast(
+                            ObjVal, ir.PointerType(Gen.structs[cur_spec]),
+                            name=f"cast_spec_{cur_spec}")
+                        ClassName = cur_spec
+                        struct_match = True
+                        preserved = True
+                if not preserved:
+                    ClassName = found_name
+                    struct_match = True
+                    if VarName:
+                        Gen.var_struct_class[VarName] = ClassName
             elif isinstance(ObjVal.type.pointee, ir.IdentifiedStructType):
                 # sha1 冲突 fallback：find_struct_by_pointee 因 sha1 前缀不匹配失败时，
                 # 用短名匹配，优先选字段最多的完整版本
@@ -490,7 +565,17 @@ class ExprAttrHandle(BaseHandle):
                                 best_elem_count = elem_count
                                 struct_match = True
                 if struct_match and VarName:
-                    Gen.var_struct_class[VarName] = ClassName
+                    # 同样保护特化名：若已记录的特化名的短名基础部分与 ClassName 匹配，保留
+                    cur_spec2: str = Gen.var_struct_class.get(VarName, '')
+                    if ('[' in cur_spec2
+                            and cur_spec2.split('[')[0] == ClassName
+                            and cur_spec2 in Gen.structs):
+                        ObjVal = Gen.builder.bitcast(
+                            ObjVal, ir.PointerType(Gen.structs[cur_spec2]),
+                            name=f"cast_spec_{cur_spec2}")
+                        ClassName = cur_spec2
+                    else:
+                        Gen.var_struct_class[VarName] = ClassName
         if not struct_match:
             return None
 
@@ -611,11 +696,23 @@ class ExprAttrHandle(BaseHandle):
 
         # 已知结构体类型 → 直接成员访问
         if isinstance(pointee, (ir.LiteralStructType, ir.IdentifiedStructType)):
+            # 提取父上下文特化提示：当 Node.value 是 Attribute(Name, attr) 时，
+            # 从 var_struct_class 和 class_member_element_class 获取字段声明的特化名。
+            # 例如 func.Blocks.Head 中，func 是 Function，Blocks 字段声明为 GSList[BasicBlock]，
+            # 提示为 'GSList[BasicBlock]'，避免在所有 GSList[T] 都有 Head 字段时选错特化版本。
+            parent_hint: str | None = None
+            if isinstance(Node.value, ast.Attribute) and isinstance(Node.value.value, ast.Name):
+                p_var: str = Node.value.value.id
+                p_attr: str = Node.value.attr
+                p_CN: str | None = Gen.var_struct_class.get(p_var)
+                if p_CN:
+                    p_elem_map: Any = Gen.class_member_element_class.get(p_CN, {})
+                    parent_hint = p_elem_map.get(p_attr)
             for CN, ST in Gen.structs.items():
                 if pointee == ST or (isinstance(pointee, ir.IdentifiedStructType) and isinstance(ST, ir.IdentifiedStructType) and pointee.name == ST.name):
                     st, ok = self._try_Load_struct_from_stub(Gen, CN)
                     if not isinstance(st, ir.IdentifiedStructType) or st.elements is None:
-                        spec_val: Any = self._try_access_opaque_generic_member(Gen, ObjVal, st if isinstance(st, ir.IdentifiedStructType) else pointee, Node, CN)
+                        spec_val: Any = self._try_access_opaque_generic_member(Gen, ObjVal, st if isinstance(st, ir.IdentifiedStructType) else pointee, Node, CN, parent_hint)
                         if spec_val is not None:
                             return spec_val
                         break
@@ -824,12 +921,16 @@ class ExprAttrHandle(BaseHandle):
         # 但 HandleExprLlvm 已自动 load 返回 AST*（一级指针），
         # 需要检查 Gen.variables 中的原始 alloca 类型，
         # 若是二级指针且存储的是结构体指针，应 bitcast ValueVal 为 AST** 后 GEP 再 load，
-        # 避免 GEP AST 结构体数组返回错误的 AST*（指向存储位置而非实际对象）
+        # 避免 GEP AST 结构体数组返回错误的 AST*（指向存储位置而非实际对象）。
+        # 仅当 var_ptr_element 标记为 True 时触发（由 AnnAssign 检测 (S|t.CPtr)|t.CPtr 注解设置），
+        # 防止 pts: Point | t.CPtr（简单结构体指针）错误走二级指针路径。
         if (isinstance(Node.value, ast.Name)
                 and isinstance(ValueVal.type, ir.PointerType)
                 and isinstance(ValueVal.type.pointee, (ir.IdentifiedStructType, ir.LiteralStructType))):
             VarName: str = Node.value.id
-            if VarName in Gen.variables and Gen.variables[VarName] is not None:
+            _vpe_load: bool = (getattr(Gen, 'var_ptr_element', {}).get(VarName, False)
+                               or getattr(Gen, 'global_var_ptr_element', {}).get(VarName, False))
+            if _vpe_load and VarName in Gen.variables and Gen.variables[VarName] is not None:
                 VarAlloca: ir.Value = Gen.variables[VarName]
                 if (isinstance(VarAlloca.type, ir.PointerType)
                         and isinstance(VarAlloca.type.pointee, ir.PointerType)):

lib/core/Handles/HandlesExprCall.py

@@ -1272,7 +1272,13 @@ class ExprCallHandle(BaseHandle):
             if expected_type.width < val.type.width:
                 return Gen.builder.trunc(val, expected_type)
             else:
-                return Gen.builder.zext(val, expected_type)
+                if val.type.width == 1:
+                    # i1 是布尔值，无符号语义，必须 zext
+                    return Gen.builder.zext(val, expected_type, name="zext")
+                is_unsigned: bool = id(val) in Gen._unsigned_results
+                if is_unsigned:
+                    return Gen.builder.zext(val, expected_type, name="zext")
+                return Gen.builder.sext(val, expected_type, name="sext")
         if isinstance(val.type, ir.PointerType) and isinstance(expected_type, ir.IntType):
             if expected_type.width == 64:
                 return Gen.builder.ptrtoint(val, expected_type)
@@ -1625,7 +1631,14 @@ class ExprCallHandle(BaseHandle):
             return ArgVal
         if isinstance(TargetType, ir.IntType) and isinstance(ArgVal.type, ir.IntType):
             if ArgVal.type.width < TargetType.width:
-                return Gen.builder.zext(ArgVal, TargetType, name=f"zext_{TypedefName}_cast")
+                if ArgVal.type.width == 1:
+                    # i1 是布尔值，无符号语义，必须 zext
+                    return Gen.builder.zext(ArgVal, TargetType, name=f"zext_{TypedefName}_cast")
+                # C cast 语义：源有符号 → sext；源无符号 → zext；目标符号性仅影响解释
+                is_unsigned: bool = (Node.args and Gen._check_node_unsigned(Node.args[0])) or id(ArgVal) in Gen._unsigned_results
+                if is_unsigned:
+                    return Gen.builder.zext(ArgVal, TargetType, name=f"zext_{TypedefName}_cast")
+                return Gen.builder.sext(ArgVal, TargetType, name=f"sext_{TypedefName}_cast")
             elif ArgVal.type.width > TargetType.width:
                 return Gen.builder.trunc(ArgVal, TargetType, name=f"trunc_{TypedefName}_cast")
             return ArgVal
@@ -1754,7 +1767,15 @@ class ExprCallHandle(BaseHandle):
                                 if default_val.type != param_type:
                                     if isinstance(param_type, ir.IntType) and isinstance(default_val.type, ir.IntType):
                                         if default_val.type.width < param_type.width:
-                                            default_val = Gen.builder.zext(default_val, param_type, name=f"zext_default_{i}")
+                                            if default_val.type.width == 1:
+                                                # i1 是布尔值，无符号语义，必须 zext
+                                                default_val = Gen.builder.zext(default_val, param_type, name=f"zext_default_{i}")
+                                            else:
+                                                is_unsigned: bool = Gen._check_node_unsigned(default_node) or id(default_val) in Gen._unsigned_results
+                                                if is_unsigned:
+                                                    default_val = Gen.builder.zext(default_val, param_type, name=f"zext_default_{i}")
+                                                else:
+                                                    default_val = Gen.builder.sext(default_val, param_type, name=f"sext_default_{i}")
                                         elif default_val.type.width > param_type.width:
                                             default_val = Gen.builder.trunc(default_val, param_type, name=f"trunc_default_{i}")
                                     elif isinstance(param_type, ir.PointerType) and isinstance(default_val.type, ir.IntType):
@@ -1823,7 +1844,16 @@ class ExprCallHandle(BaseHandle):
                             elif isinstance(arg.type, ir.PointerType) and isinstance(param_type, ir.IntType):
                                 adjusted.append(Gen.builder.ptrtoint(arg, param_type))
                             elif isinstance(arg.type, ir.IntType) and arg.type.width < param_type.width:
-                                adjusted.append(Gen.builder.zext(arg, param_type))
+                                if arg.type.width == 1:
+                                    # i1 是布尔值，无符号语义，必须 zext
+                                    adjusted.append(Gen.builder.zext(arg, param_type, name=f"zext_vararg_fixed_{i}"))
+                                else:
+                                    arg_node = Node.args[i] if i < len(Node.args) else None
+                                    is_unsigned: bool = (arg_node is not None and Gen._check_node_unsigned(arg_node)) or id(arg) in Gen._unsigned_results
+                                    if is_unsigned:
+                                        adjusted.append(Gen.builder.zext(arg, param_type, name=f"zext_vararg_fixed_{i}"))
+                                    else:
+                                        adjusted.append(Gen.builder.sext(arg, param_type, name=f"sext_vararg_fixed_{i}"))
                             elif isinstance(arg.type, ir.PointerType) and isinstance(param_type, ir.PointerType):
                                 adjusted.append(Gen.builder.bitcast(arg, param_type, name=f"cast_arg_{i}"))
                             else:
@@ -1994,6 +2024,23 @@ class ExprCallHandle(BaseHandle):
                     else:
                         # 跨模块基类 — 查找基类的 sha1
                         base_sha1 = struct_sha1_map.get(base_name)
+                        # 回退：若 _struct_sha1_map 未命中（普通类导入时不填充），
+                        # 扫描 temp/ 下所有 .pyi 查找包含该基类定义的文件
+                        if base_sha1 is None:
+                            temp_dir = os.path.join(project_root, 'temp')
+                            try:
+                                pyi_files = os.listdir(temp_dir)
+                            except OSError:
+                                pyi_files = []
+                            for pyi_file in pyi_files:
+                                if not pyi_file.endswith('.pyi'):
+                                    continue
+                                candidate_sha1 = pyi_file[:-4]
+                                candidate_map = load_pyi(candidate_sha1)
+                                if candidate_map and base_name in candidate_map:
+                                    base_sha1 = candidate_sha1
+                                    struct_sha1_map[base_name] = base_sha1
+                                    break
                         if base_sha1:
                             base_methods, base_cvtable, base_novtable, _ = collect_class_methods(base_name, base_sha1, visited)
                             if base_novtable:
@@ -2049,6 +2096,63 @@ class ExprCallHandle(BaseHandle):
         except Exception:
             pass
 
+    def _try_complete_generic_specialization(self, ClassName: str, MethodName: str, Gen: LlvmGeneratorMixin) -> None:
+        """泛型特化类方法按需完整特化。
+
+        当 ClassName 是泛型特化名（如 ndarray[double]）且缓存中只有
+        declare_only 版本时，补发方法体。这样方法调用能找到 define，
+        避免链接时 undefined reference。
+
+        触发场景：numpy 模块内部函数（如 np_sum）调用 a.sum()，
+        其中 a 的类型注解 ndarray[t.CDouble] | t.CPtr 在类型解析时
+        只触发了 declare_only=True 特化（创建 struct + __before_init__），
+        方法体（fill/delete/dot/sum/...）未被编译。
+        """
+        # 仅对特化名（含 '[' 且以 ']' 结尾）触发
+        if '[' not in ClassName or not ClassName.endswith(']'):
+            return
+        # 反推模板类名（如 ndarray[double] → ndarray）
+        base_name: str = ClassName.split('[')[0]
+        # 检查是否是已注册的泛型模板
+        if not (hasattr(self.Trans.ClassHandler, '_generic_class_templates') and base_name in self.Trans.ClassHandler._generic_class_templates):
+            return
+        # 构造 spec_key（与 _specialize_generic_class 一致：ClassName<arg1,arg2,...>）
+        spec_key: str = base_name + '<' + ','.join(ClassName[len(base_name) + 1:-1].split('][')) + '>'
+        spec_cache = getattr(Gen, '_generic_class_specializations', {})
+        cached = spec_cache.get(spec_key)
+        if not isinstance(cached, tuple) or len(cached) < 2:
+            return
+        cached_name: str = cached[0]
+        was_declare_only: bool = cached[1]
+        # 仅当缓存是 declare_only 版本时才需要补发
+        if not was_declare_only:
+            return
+        # 检查方法是否已有 define（blocks 非空表示已编译方法体）
+        struct_sha1_map = getattr(Gen, '_struct_sha1_map', {})
+        class_sha1 = struct_sha1_map.get(cached_name)
+        full_method_name: str = f'{class_sha1}.{cached_name}.{MethodName}' if class_sha1 else f'{cached_name}.{MethodName}'
+        existing_func = Gen._find_function(full_method_name)
+        if existing_func is not None:
+            existing_blocks = getattr(existing_func, 'blocks', [])
+            if existing_blocks:
+                return  # 方法体已编译
+        # 从缓存获取 type_args/type_names
+        type_info = getattr(Gen, '_generic_class_spec_type_info', {}).get(spec_key)
+        if type_info is None:
+            return
+        cached_type_args, cached_type_names = type_info
+        # 不预先标记：_specialize_generic_class 内部缓存逻辑会检测
+        # cached_declare_only=True 且 declare_only=False，自动补发方法体
+        # 并更新缓存为 (spec_name, False)。预注册机制（L117）防止递归。
+        try:
+            self.Trans.ClassHandler._specialize_generic_class(
+                base_name, cached_type_args, Gen,
+                type_names=cached_type_names, declare_only=False
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            # 失败时恢复 declare_only 标记，避免后续调用跳过补发
+            Gen._generic_class_specializations[spec_key] = (cached_name, True)
+
     def _HandleMethodCallLlvm(self, Node: ast.Call) -> ir.Value:
         Gen = self.Trans.LlvmGen
         MethodName = Node.func.attr
@@ -2425,6 +2529,25 @@ class ExprCallHandle(BaseHandle):
                             break
         if not ClassName:
             return ir.Constant(ir.IntType(32), 0)
+        # 泛型特化 fallback：当 ClassName 是 opaque 基础名（如 'ndarray'，不含 '['）
+        # 且注解未指定类型参数时，遍历 Gen.structs 查找以 'ClassName[' 开头的特化版本
+        # （如 'ndarray[double]'），优先选有对应方法的特化。这样方法调用能正确分派到
+        # 特化版本的方法（如 ndarray[double].delete），而非查找 opaque stub declare。
+        if '[' not in ClassName:
+            SpecClass: str | None = None
+            for CN in Gen.structs.keys():
+                if not CN.startswith(f'{ClassName}['):
+                    continue
+                struct_sha1_tmp = getattr(Gen, '_struct_sha1_map', {}).get(CN)
+                if struct_sha1_tmp:
+                    if Gen._has_function(f'{struct_sha1_tmp}.{CN}.{MethodName}'):
+                        SpecClass = CN
+                        break
+                if Gen._has_function(f'{CN}.{MethodName}'):
+                    SpecClass = CN
+                    break
+            if SpecClass:
+                ClassName = SpecClass
         struct_sha1_map = getattr(Gen, '_struct_sha1_map', {})
         class_sha1 = struct_sha1_map.get(ClassName)
         if class_sha1:
@@ -2432,6 +2555,11 @@ class ExprCallHandle(BaseHandle):
         else:
             FullMethodName = f'{ClassName}.{MethodName}'
 
+        # 泛型特化类方法按需完整特化：当 ClassName 是特化名（如 ndarray[double]）
+        # 且缓存中只有 declare_only 版本时，补发方法体。否则方法调用会查找
+        # stub declare（无 define），链接时报 undefined reference。
+        self._try_complete_generic_specialization(ClassName, MethodName, Gen)
+
         # 提前查找函数以获取参数信息
         func_for_kw = Gen._find_function(FullMethodName)
         if not func_for_kw:
@@ -2505,6 +2633,22 @@ class ExprCallHandle(BaseHandle):
                         if func:
                             break
                         p = Gen.class_parent.get(p)
+                # 修复：vtable 分派需要 func 的函数类型。当 func=None 时（如 __new__
+                # 编译较早，MemManager.alloc 的 declare 尚未加入 Gen.functions），
+                # 从 stub 获取函数类型并创建 declare，确保 vtable 分派不被跳过
+                # 回退到直接调用（直接调用基类 MemManager.alloc 返回 NULL → 段错误）。
+                if not func and class_sha1:
+                    stub_func_type = self.Trans.ImportHandler._LookupStubFuncType(FullMethodName, Gen)
+                    if stub_func_type:
+                        func = self.GetOrCreateStubFuncDecl(FullMethodName, stub_func_type, Gen)
+                if not func and class_sha1:
+                    plain_name = f'{ClassName}.{MethodName}'
+                    stub_func_type = self.Trans.ImportHandler._LookupStubFuncType(plain_name, Gen)
+                    if stub_func_type:
+                        func = self.GetOrCreateStubFuncDecl(FullMethodName, stub_func_type, Gen)
+                if not func:
+                    plain_name = f'{ClassName}.{MethodName}'
+                    func = Gen._find_function(plain_name)
                 if func:
                     VtableSlotPtr = Gen.builder.gep(ObjVal, [ir.Constant(ir.IntType(32), 0), ir.Constant(ir.IntType(32), 0)], name=f"vtable_slot_{ClassName}")
                     VtablePtr = Gen._load(VtableSlotPtr, name=f"vtable_ptr_{ClassName}")
@@ -2790,8 +2934,18 @@ class ExprCallHandle(BaseHandle):
             return (ts, tn)
         # BinOp (如 AST | CPtr) 或 Attribute (如 t.CPtr / t.CInt)
         type_str: str = self._resolve_type_arg_str(sn)
-        # type_name 取原始名称（不带模块前缀），用于 T 替换
-        raw_name: str = self._get_raw_type_name(sn)
+        # type_name 保留模块前缀（如 't.CUnsignedChar'），避免 T(0) 替换为
+        # CUnsignedChar(0) 后因 CUnsignedChar 不在顶层作用域而报
+        # "Undefined function: 'CUnsignedChar'"。
+        # t.CPtr 特殊处理：保留 'CPtr' 不带前缀，因为 cptr_params 检测依赖
+        # _BUILTIN_TYPE_NAMES 中的 'CPtr' 来识别指针类型参数
+        if isinstance(sn, ast.Attribute) and isinstance(sn.value, ast.Name):
+            if sn.attr == 'CPtr':
+                raw_name: str = 'CPtr'
+            else:
+                raw_name: str = f'{sn.value.id}.{sn.attr}'
+        else:
+            raw_name: str = self._get_raw_type_name(sn)
         return (type_str, raw_name)
 
     def _ResolveGenericSlice(self, Sub: ast.Subscript) -> str | None:
@@ -2823,7 +2977,13 @@ class ExprCallHandle(BaseHandle):
         while len(type_args) < len(type_param_names):
             type_args.append('int')
             type_names.append('CInt')
-        return self.Trans.ClassHandler._specialize_generic_class(ClassName, type_args, Gen, type_names=type_names)
+        # 类型注解解析（如 Float64Array: t.CTypedef = ndarray[t.CDouble]）
+        # 只需 struct 定义，不需方法体；使用 declare_only=True 避免过早触发
+        # 完整特化（此时被引用的函数如 printf 可能尚未由 from X import Y 注册，
+        # 导致 "Undefined function" 错误）。完整特化由后续类实例化
+        # （_HandleClassNewLlvm → _specialize_generic_class(declare_only=False)）
+        # 触发，缓存机制会补发方法体。
+        return self.Trans.ClassHandler._specialize_generic_class(ClassName, type_args, Gen, type_names=type_names, declare_only=True)
 
     @staticmethod
     def _AnnotationContainsCPtr(Node: ast.AST) -> bool:

lib/core/Handles/HandlesExprUtils.py

@@ -71,6 +71,25 @@ class ExprUtils:
         FullMethodName: str = f'{ClassName}.{op_name}'
         if not Gen._has_function(FullMethodName):
             FullMethodName = f'{ClassName}.{op_name}__'
+        if not Gen._has_function(FullMethodName):
+            # 泛型特化 fallback：当 ClassName 是 opaque 基础名（如 'ndarray'）且
+            # 无直接匹配方法时，遍历 Gen.structs 查找以 'ClassName[' 开头的特化版本
+            # （如 'ndarray[double]'）。注解 'numpy.ndarray | t.CPtr' 未指定类型参数时，
+            # var_struct_class 仅记录裸模板名，但方法只在特化版本中定义。
+            # 选择策略：优先选 obj_val.type.pointee 实际匹配的特化；否则选第一个有方法的特化。
+            if '[' not in ClassName:
+                SpecClass: str | None = None
+                for CN in Gen.structs.keys():
+                    if CN.startswith(f'{ClassName}[') and Gen._has_function(f'{CN}.{op_name}'):
+                        SpecClass = CN
+                        break
+                    if CN.startswith(f'{ClassName}[') and Gen._has_function(f'{CN}.{op_name}__'):
+                        SpecClass = CN
+                        break
+                if SpecClass:
+                    FullMethodName = f'{SpecClass}.{op_name}'
+                    if not Gen._has_function(FullMethodName):
+                        FullMethodName = f'{SpecClass}.{op_name}__'
         if Gen._has_function(FullMethodName):
             func: Any = Gen._get_function(FullMethodName)
             call_args: list[Any] = [obj_val]

lib/core/Handles/HandlesFunctions.py

@@ -860,7 +860,10 @@ class FunctionHandle(BaseHandle):
         if isinstance(node, ast.Call):
             if isinstance(node.func, ast.Name) and node.func.id in type_map:
                 replacement: str = type_map[node.func.id]
-                node.func = ast.Name(id=replacement, ctx=ast.Load())
+                # 使用 _make_replacement_node 处理含点号的类型名（如 't.CUnsignedChar'），
+                # 避免 T(0) 替换为 CUnsignedChar(0) 后因 CUnsignedChar 不在顶层作用域
+                # 而报 "Undefined function: 'CUnsignedChar'"
+                node.func = self._make_replacement_node(replacement)
             elif isinstance(node.func, ast.Attribute):
                 if isinstance(node.func.value, ast.Name) and node.func.value.id in type_map:
                     replacement: str = type_map[node.func.value.id]
@@ -874,7 +877,7 @@ class FunctionHandle(BaseHandle):
                             right=ast.Attribute(value=ast.Name(id='t', ctx=ast.Load()), attr='CPtr', ctx=ast.Load())
                         )
                     else:
-                        node.func.value = ast.Name(id=replacement, ctx=ast.Load())
+                        node.func.value = self._make_name_node(replacement)
                 else:
                     self._apply_type_map_to_expr(node.func.value, type_map, cptr_params)
             for arg in node.args:
@@ -1630,6 +1633,14 @@ class FunctionHandle(BaseHandle):
         saved_var_to_heap_ptr = dict(Gen._var_to_heap_ptr)
         Gen._local_heap_ptrs = []
         Gen._var_to_heap_ptr = {}
+        # 治本修复：保存 var_struct_class / global_struct_class。
+        # 当方法调用（如 a.delete()）触发 _try_complete_generic_specialization 时，
+        # 该路径走 _EmitFunctionLlvm 编译方法体，函数结尾会清空 var_struct_class。
+        # 若不保存/恢复，外层函数中已设置的 var_struct_class（如 b='ndarray[double]'）
+        # 会被清空，导致后续方法调用 fallback 匹配 opaque 基础类型（如 ndarray），
+        # 生成对 stub declare（无方法体）的调用 → 链接报 undefined reference。
+        saved_var_struct_class = dict(Gen.var_struct_class) if Gen.var_struct_class else {}
+        saved_global_struct_class = dict(Gen.global_struct_class) if getattr(Gen, 'global_struct_class', None) else {}
         # 函数内部定义的变量会在赋值时添加到 var_type_info 中
         # 这样函数内部定义的元类型变量（如 a = t.CInt32T）就能被正确处理
         for stmt in Node.body:
@@ -1671,6 +1682,13 @@ class FunctionHandle(BaseHandle):
             if arg.annotation and isinstance(arg.annotation, ast.BinOp) and isinstance(arg.annotation.op, ast.BitOr):
                 param_name: str = ParamNames[i] if i < len(ParamNames) else arg.arg
                 if param_name in Gen.variables:
+                    # 若 L1650-1657 已根据 param.type.pointee 匹配到正确的特化名
+                    # （如 ndarray[double]），不覆盖：FindStructNameInAnnotation 对
+                    # 泛型注解 ndarray[t.CDouble] 会构造 ndarray[CDouble]（与实际
+                    # ndarray[double] 不匹配），回退到裸模板类名 ndarray（opaque），
+                    # 导致方法调用查找 ndarray.sum 而非 ndarray[double].sum。
+                    if param_name in Gen.var_struct_class:
+                        continue
                     found_struct: str | None = FindStructNameInAnnotation(arg.annotation, Gen.structs)
                     if found_struct:
                         Gen.var_struct_class[param_name] = found_struct
@@ -1831,6 +1849,11 @@ class FunctionHandle(BaseHandle):
         # 恢复外层作用域的 _local_heap_ptrs / _var_to_heap_ptr
         Gen._local_heap_ptrs = saved_local_heap_ptrs
         Gen._var_to_heap_ptr = saved_var_to_heap_ptr
+        # 恢复外层作用域的 var_struct_class / global_struct_class
+        # （内层方法体编译不应污染外层函数的变量-类型映射）
+        Gen.var_struct_class = saved_var_struct_class
+        if hasattr(Gen, 'global_struct_class'):
+            Gen.global_struct_class = saved_global_struct_class
         Gen._variadic_info = None
         self.Trans._CurrentCpythonObjectClass = saved_cpython_class
         self.Trans.CurrentCReturnTypes = None

lib/core/Handles/HandlesReturn.py

@@ -45,7 +45,15 @@ class ReturnHandle(BaseHandle):
                         if Val.type != ExpectedType:
                             if isinstance(ExpectedType, ir.IntType) and isinstance(Val.type, ir.IntType):
                                 if Val.type.width < ExpectedType.width:
-                                    Val = Gen.builder.zext(Val, ExpectedType, name=f"zext_ret_{i}")
+                                    if Val.type.width == 1:
+                                        # i1 是布尔值，无符号语义，必须 zext
+                                        Val = Gen.builder.zext(Val, ExpectedType, name=f"zext_ret_{i}")
+                                    else:
+                                        is_unsigned: bool = Gen._check_node_unsigned(val) or id(Val) in Gen._unsigned_results
+                                        if is_unsigned:
+                                            Val = Gen.builder.zext(Val, ExpectedType, name=f"zext_ret_{i}")
+                                        else:
+                                            Val = Gen.builder.sext(Val, ExpectedType, name=f"sext_ret_{i}")
                                 elif Val.type.width > ExpectedType.width:
                                     Val = Gen.builder.trunc(Val, ExpectedType, name=f"trunc_ret_{i}")
                             elif isinstance(ExpectedType, ir.PointerType) and isinstance(Val.type, ir.PointerType):
@@ -107,7 +115,15 @@ class ReturnHandle(BaseHandle):
                                         result = Gen.builder.insert_value(result, Val, j, name=f"ret_field_{j}")
                                     elif isinstance(elem_type, ir.IntType) and isinstance(Val.type, ir.IntType):
                                         if Val.type.width < elem_type.width:
-                                            Val = Gen.builder.zext(Val, elem_type, name=f"zext_ret_{j}")
+                                            if Val.type.width == 1:
+                                                # i1 是布尔值，无符号语义，必须 zext
+                                                Val = Gen.builder.zext(Val, elem_type, name=f"zext_ret_{j}")
+                                            else:
+                                                is_unsigned: bool = (Node.value is not None and Gen._check_node_unsigned(Node.value)) or id(Val) in Gen._unsigned_results
+                                                if is_unsigned:
+                                                    Val = Gen.builder.zext(Val, elem_type, name=f"zext_ret_{j}")
+                                                else:
+                                                    Val = Gen.builder.sext(Val, elem_type, name=f"sext_ret_{j}")
                                         elif Val.type.width > elem_type.width:
                                             Val = Gen.builder.trunc(Val, elem_type, name=f"trunc_ret_{j}")
                                         result = Gen.builder.insert_value(result, Val, j, name=f"ret_field_{j}")

lib/core/SymbolUtils.py

@@ -204,3 +204,11 @@ def AnnotationContainsName(annotation: ast.AST, name: str) -> bool:
     if isinstance(annotation, ast.BinOp) and isinstance(annotation.op, ast.BitOr):
         return AnnotationContainsName(annotation.left, name) or AnnotationContainsName(annotation.right, name)
     return False
+
+
+def IsCPtrNode(node: ast.AST) -> bool:
+    """检查节点是否为 t.CPtr 属性引用。"""
+    return (isinstance(node, ast.Attribute)
+            and isinstance(node.value, ast.Name)
+            and node.value.id == 't'
+            and node.attr == 'CPtr')