diff --git a/lib/Projectrans/DeclarationGenerator.py b/lib/Projectrans/DeclarationGenerator.py
index 4777adf..189dd80 100644
--- a/lib/Projectrans/DeclarationGenerator.py
+++ b/lib/Projectrans/DeclarationGenerator.py
@@ -1274,6 +1274,11 @@ class DeclarationGenerator:
             return f'{sname}*'
         elif isinstance(annotation, ast.Attribute):
             attr_name: str = annotation.attr if hasattr(annotation, 'attr') else ''
+            # 值引用参数标记（CRef = `&T`、CTempRef = `&temp T`，非真实类）：按 t.CPtr
+            # 同形的「一层指针 = i8*」参与联合合并（`T | t.CRef` → T*），保证跨模块
+            # .vpi 声明端类型与定义端 _ctype_to_llvm 一致。
+            if attr_name in ('CRef', 'CTempRef'):
+                return 'i8*'
             module_name: str = ''
             if hasattr(annotation, 'value'):
                 if isinstance(annotation.value, ast.Name):
diff --git a/lib/Projectrans/Phase1Generator.py b/lib/Projectrans/Phase1Generator.py
index 35bbc4c..ea0e3db 100644
--- a/lib/Projectrans/Phase1Generator.py
+++ b/lib/Projectrans/Phase1Generator.py
@@ -152,6 +152,22 @@ class Phase1Generator:
             deps: set[str] = get_file_dependencies(src_path, self.src_root)
             imported_from_src.update(deps)
 
+        # 检测 assert 使用，自动添加 testcheck 依赖：assert 译为
+        # testcheck.check(...)，该 include 须纳入 .vpi/.stub 生成与后续编译链接，
+        # 否则断言所在模块解析不到 testcheck.check（跨模块符号缺失）。
+        # 独立成一次 walk：下面的 dict/list 检测循环带 break，会漏掉其后的 assert。
+        for src_path in reachable_source_files:
+            try:
+                _, tree = parse_python_file(src_path)
+                if tree is None:
+                    continue
+                for node in ast.walk(tree):
+                    if isinstance(node, ast.Assert):
+                        imported_from_src.add('testcheck')
+                        break
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
         # 检测 dict/list 容器使用，自动添加 _dict/_list/json 依赖
         for src_path in reachable_source_files:
             try:
diff --git a/lib/Projectrans/Phase2Translator.py b/lib/Projectrans/Phase2Translator.py
index 3e99ba1..94197e4 100644
--- a/lib/Projectrans/Phase2Translator.py
+++ b/lib/Projectrans/Phase2Translator.py
@@ -1547,6 +1547,10 @@ class Phase2Translator:
                         elif isinstance(node, ast.ImportFrom):
                             if node.module:
                                 self.used_includes.add(node.module.split('.')[0])
+                        # 检测 assert 使用，自动添加 testcheck 到 used_includes：
+                        # assert 译为 testcheck.check(...)，该库须被发现、编译并链接。
+                        if isinstance(node, ast.Assert):
+                            self.used_includes.add('testcheck')
                         # 检测 list/dict 容器使用，自动添加 _list/_dict/json 到 used_includes
                         # 以便 _scan_include_libraries 能发现并编译这些库文件
                         if isinstance(node, ast.Subscript) and isinstance(node.value, ast.Name):
@@ -2144,11 +2148,14 @@ class Phase2Translator:
     def _inject_auto_imports(self, code: str, src_path: str) -> str:
         """检测源码中对 list/dict 容器的使用，自动注入 import _list / import _dict。
         当使用 dict 时，同时注入 import json (用于 dict 的 JSON 处理功能)。
+        检测到 assert 语句时自动注入 import testcheck（assert 译为
+        testcheck.check(...)，需该模块的跨模块符号声明）。
 
         检测模式:
         - list[T] / dict[V] 作为类型注解 (ast.Subscript, value=Name(id='list'/'dict'))
         - list[T](...) / dict[V](...) 作为构造函数调用 (ast.Call, func=Subscript)
         - list(...) / dict(...) 作为构造函数调用 (ast.Call, func=Name)
+        - assert 语句 (ast.Assert)
         """
         try:
             # `.vp` 源码须先过 Viper 软关键字层（`enum X:` / `fn` 等）再解析：
@@ -2158,10 +2165,11 @@ class Phase2Translator:
         except SyntaxError:
             return code
 
-        # 检查是否已经导入了 _list / _dict / json
+        # 检查是否已经导入了 _list / _dict / json / testcheck
         has_list_import: bool = False
         has_dict_import: bool = False
         has_json_import: bool = False
+        has_testcheck_import: bool = False
         for node in ast.iter_child_nodes(tree):
             if isinstance(node, ast.Import):
                 for alias in node.names:
@@ -2171,6 +2179,8 @@ class Phase2Translator:
                         has_dict_import = True
                     elif alias.name == 'json':
                         has_json_import = True
+                    elif alias.name == 'testcheck':
+                        has_testcheck_import = True
             elif isinstance(node, ast.ImportFrom):
                 if node.module == '_list':
                     has_list_import = True
@@ -2178,13 +2188,18 @@ class Phase2Translator:
                     has_dict_import = True
                 elif node.module == 'json':
                     has_json_import = True
-            if has_list_import and has_dict_import and has_json_import:
+                elif node.module == 'testcheck':
+                    has_testcheck_import = True
+            if has_list_import and has_dict_import and has_json_import and has_testcheck_import:
                 break
 
-        # 检查是否使用了 list / dict 容器
+        # 检查是否使用了 list / dict 容器，以及是否含 assert 语句
         uses_list: bool = False
         uses_dict: bool = False
+        uses_assert: bool = False
         for node in ast.walk(tree):
+            if isinstance(node, ast.Assert):
+                uses_assert = True
             if isinstance(node, ast.Subscript):
                 if isinstance(node.value, ast.Name):
                     if node.value.id == 'list':
@@ -2211,6 +2226,9 @@ class Phase2Translator:
             prefix += 'import _dict\n'
         if uses_dict and not has_json_import:
             prefix += 'import json\n'
+        # 含 assert 的模块等价于在文件顶部写下 import testcheck（已导入则不重复）
+        if uses_assert and not has_testcheck_import:
+            prefix += 'import testcheck\n'
         if prefix:
             return prefix + code
         return code
diff --git a/lib/StubGen/Converter.py b/lib/StubGen/Converter.py
index 03c1a9c..b2d1080 100644
--- a/lib/StubGen/Converter.py
+++ b/lib/StubGen/Converter.py
@@ -220,14 +220,14 @@ class PythonToStubConverter:
                             StubLines.append('')
                         StubLines.append(ImportStr)
                 elif isinstance(node, ast.Expr):
-                    # 处理模块级别的宏调用，如 c.CIf(...), c.CEndif()
+                    # 处理模块级别的宏调用，如 c.CEndif()
                     ExprStr: str = PythonToStubConverter._GetExprString(node.value)
                     if ExprStr:
                         CurrentType = 'macro'
                         StubLines.append(ExprStr)
                         StubLines.append('')  # 宏后空行
                 elif isinstance(node, ast.If):
-                    # 处理模块级别的 if 宏条件，如 if c.CIf(FF_MULTI_PARTITION):
+                    # 处理模块级别的 cif 宏条件，如 `cif FF_MULTI_PARTITION:`
                     IfStr: str = PythonToStubConverter._GetModuleIfMacroString(node)
                     if IfStr:
                         CurrentType = 'macro'
@@ -440,12 +440,12 @@ class PythonToStubConverter:
                 FuncStub: list[str] = PythonToStubConverter._ConvertFunction(item, indent=indent+1, SourceLines=SourceLines, class_name=node.name)
                 lines.extend(FuncStub)
             elif isinstance(item, ast.Expr):
-                # 处理宏调用，如 c.CIf(...), c.CEndif(), c.CElif(), c.CElse()
+                # 处理宏调用，如 c.CEndif()
                 ExprStr: str = PythonToStubConverter._GetExprString(item.value)
                 if ExprStr:
                     lines.append(f'{IndentStr}    {ExprStr}')
             elif isinstance(item, ast.If):
-                # 处理 if c.CIf(...): 形式的宏条件
+                # 处理 cif 宏条件（`cif ...:` / `celif ...:` / `celse:`）
                 IfStr: str = PythonToStubConverter._get_if_macro_string(item, indent=indent+1)
                 if IfStr:
                     lines.append(IfStr)
@@ -710,6 +710,21 @@ class PythonToStubConverter:
             left: ast.AST = annotation.left
             right: ast.AST = annotation.right
 
+            # 值引用参数标记：联合形态 `T | t.CRef`（ref）/ `T | t.CTempRef`（temp）
+            # 还原为源码写法 `&T` / `&temp T`，使跨模块 .vpi 往返保留取址模式。
+            if isinstance(annotation.op, ast.BitOr):
+                _ref_kind: str | None = None
+                _type_side: ast.AST | None = None
+                if isinstance(right, ast.Attribute) and right.attr in ('CRef', 'CTempRef'):
+                    _ref_kind = right.attr
+                    _type_side = left
+                elif isinstance(left, ast.Attribute) and left.attr in ('CRef', 'CTempRef'):
+                    _ref_kind = left.attr
+                    _type_side = right
+                if _ref_kind is not None and _type_side is not None:
+                    _inner: str = PythonToStubConverter._GetTypeString(_type_side)
+                    return f'&temp {_inner}' if _ref_kind == 'CTempRef' else f'&{_inner}'
+
             # 检查右侧是否是 __set_default__ 调用
             if isinstance(right, ast.Call) and isinstance(right.func, ast.Attribute) and right.func.attr in ('__set_default__', '__set_default'):
                 # 去除 __set_default__，保留左侧，右侧替换为函数名部分
@@ -973,81 +988,132 @@ class PythonToStubConverter:
     def _GetExprString(expr: ast.AST) -> str:
         """获取表达式字符串（用于宏调用）"""
         if isinstance(expr, ast.Call):
-            # 处理函数调用，如 c.CIf(...), c.CEndif(), c.CUndef(...), c.CPragma(...)
+            # 处理函数调用，如 c.CEndif(), c.CUndef(...), c.CPragma(...)
+            # （旧的 c.CIf/c.CElif/c.CElse 已删除：cif/celif/celse 由 _ProcessIfMacro 渲染）
             FuncStr: str = PythonToStubConverter._GetDecoratorString(expr.func)
-            if FuncStr and ('CIf' in FuncStr or 'CEndif' in FuncStr or 'CElif' in FuncStr or 'CElse' in FuncStr or 'CUndef' in FuncStr or 'CPragma' in FuncStr):
+            if FuncStr and ('CEndif' in FuncStr or 'CUndef' in FuncStr or 'CPragma' in FuncStr):
                 ArgsStr: str = ', '.join([PythonToStubConverter._GetTypeString(arg) for arg in expr.args])
                 return f'{FuncStr}({ArgsStr})' if ArgsStr else f'{FuncStr}()'
         return ''
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _RestoreDefinedMarkers(node: ast.AST) -> ast.AST:
+        """把内部标记 c.CIfdef(N) 递归还原为 defined(N) 调用（供 stub 文本渲染）。
+
+        cif/celif 条件的 desugar 会把 defined(NAME) 变成 c.@CIfdef(NAME) 标记调用；
+        生成 .vpi 文本时必须还原为用户可写的 defined(NAME)，否则存根不可再解析。
+        """
+        if isinstance(node, ast.Call):
+            F: str = PythonToStubConverter._GetDecoratorString(node.func)
+            short: str = F.rsplit('.', 1)[-1] if F else ''
+            if short in ('@CIfdef', '@CIfndef') and len(node.args) == 1:
+                inner: ast.AST = PythonToStubConverter._RestoreDefinedMarkers(node.args[0])
+                call: ast.Call = ast.Call(
+                    func=ast.Name(id='defined', ctx=ast.Load()),
+                    args=[inner], keywords=[])
+                if short == '@CIfndef':
+                    return ast.UnaryOp(op=ast.Not(), operand=call)
+                return call
+        for field, value in ast.iter_fields(node):
+            if isinstance(value, list):
+                for i, item in enumerate(value):
+                    if isinstance(item, ast.AST):
+                        value[i] = PythonToStubConverter._RestoreDefinedMarkers(item)
+            elif isinstance(value, ast.AST):
+                setattr(node, field, PythonToStubConverter._RestoreDefinedMarkers(value))
+        return node
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _CifConditionText(test: ast.AST) -> str | None:
+        """cif/celif 条件文本：内部标记 c.@CIf(EXPR) → EXPR；c.@CIfdef(N) → defined(N)。
+
+        返回 None 表示 test 不是 cif 族标记（普通 if 的运行时条件）。
+        """
+        if isinstance(test, ast.Call):
+            F: str = PythonToStubConverter._GetDecoratorString(test.func)
+            short: str = F.rsplit('.', 1)[-1] if F else ''
+            if short == '@CIf' and len(test.args) == 1:
+                inner: ast.AST = PythonToStubConverter._RestoreDefinedMarkers(test.args[0])
+                return PythonToStubConverter._GetTypeString(inner)
+            if short in ('@CIfdef', '@CIfndef') and len(test.args) == 1:
+                return PythonToStubConverter._GetTypeString(
+                    PythonToStubConverter._RestoreDefinedMarkers(test))
+        return None
+
     @staticmethod
     def _get_if_macro_string(node: ast.If, indent: int = 1) -> str:
-        """获取类内部的 if 宏字符串（如 if c.CIf(...):）"""
+        """获取类内部的 cif 宏字符串（如 `cif <cond>:`，含 celif/celse 链）。"""
         IndentStr: str = '    ' * indent
         InnerIndent: str = '    ' * (indent + 1)
-        # 检查条件是否是宏调用
-        if isinstance(node.test, ast.Call):
-            FuncStr: str = PythonToStubConverter._GetDecoratorString(node.test.func)
-            if FuncStr and 'CIf' in FuncStr:
-                ArgsStr: str = ', '.join([PythonToStubConverter._GetTypeString(arg) for arg in node.test.args])
-                result: list[str] = [f'{IndentStr}if {FuncStr}({ArgsStr}):' if ArgsStr else f'{IndentStr}if {FuncStr}():']
-                # 处理 if 体内的语句
-                for item in node.body:
-                    if isinstance(item, ast.AnnAssign):
-                        TypeStr: str = PythonToStubConverter._GetTypeString(item.annotation)
-                        result.append(f'{InnerIndent}{item.target.id}: {TypeStr}')
-                    elif isinstance(item, ast.Expr):
-                        ExprStr: str = PythonToStubConverter._GetExprString(item.value)
-                        if ExprStr:
-                            result.append(f'{InnerIndent}{ExprStr}')
-                return '\n'.join(result)
-        return ''
+        cond: str | None = PythonToStubConverter._CifConditionText(node.test)
+        if cond is None:
+            return ''
+
+        def _body_lines(body: list, ind: str) -> list[str]:
+            out: list[str] = []
+            for item in body:
+                if isinstance(item, ast.AnnAssign):
+                    TypeStr: str = PythonToStubConverter._GetTypeString(item.annotation)
+                    out.append(f'{ind}{item.target.id}: {TypeStr}')
+                elif isinstance(item, ast.Expr):
+                    ExprStr: str = PythonToStubConverter._GetExprString(item.value)
+                    if ExprStr:
+                        out.append(f'{ind}{ExprStr}')
+            return out
+
+        result: list[str] = [f'{IndentStr}cif {cond}:']
+        result.extend(_body_lines(node.body, InnerIndent))
+        current: ast.If = node
+        while current.orelse:
+            if len(current.orelse) == 1 and isinstance(current.orelse[0], ast.If):
+                elif_node: ast.If = current.orelse[0]
+                econd: str | None = PythonToStubConverter._CifConditionText(elif_node.test)
+                if econd is None:
+                    break
+                result.append(f'{IndentStr}celif {econd}:')
+                result.extend(_body_lines(elif_node.body, InnerIndent))
+                current = elif_node
+                continue
+            result.append(f'{IndentStr}celse:')
+            result.extend(_body_lines(current.orelse, InnerIndent))
+            break
+        return '\n'.join(result)
 
     @staticmethod
     def _GetModuleIfMacroString(node: ast.If) -> str:
-        """获取模块级别的 if 宏字符串（如 if c.CIf(FF_MULTI_PARTITION):）"""
+        """获取模块级别的 cif 宏字符串（如 `cif FF_MULTI_PARTITION:`）。"""
         return PythonToStubConverter._ProcessIfMacro(node, indent=0)
 
     @staticmethod
     def _ProcessIfMacro(node: ast.If, indent: int = 0) -> str:
-        """处理 if 宏节点，支持 elif 和 else"""
+        """处理 cif 宏节点，支持 celif / celse 链。"""
         IndentStr: str = '    ' * indent
+        cond: str | None = PythonToStubConverter._CifConditionText(node.test)
+        if cond is None:
+            return ''
+        result: list[str] = [f'{IndentStr}cif {cond}:']
+        for item in node.body:
+            result.extend(PythonToStubConverter._ProcessMacroBodyItem(item, indent + 1))
 
-        # 检查条件是否是宏调用
-        if isinstance(node.test, ast.Call):
-            FuncStr: str = PythonToStubConverter._GetDecoratorString(node.test.func)
-            if FuncStr and 'CIf' in FuncStr:
-                ArgsStr: str = ', '.join([PythonToStubConverter._GetTypeString(arg) for arg in node.test.args])
-                result: list[str] = [f'{IndentStr}if {FuncStr}({ArgsStr}):' if ArgsStr else f'{IndentStr}if {FuncStr}():']
-                # 处理 if 体内的语句
-                for item in node.body:
+        current: ast.If = node
+        while current.orelse:
+            if len(current.orelse) == 1 and isinstance(current.orelse[0], ast.If):
+                # celif 情况
+                elif_node: ast.If = current.orelse[0]
+                econd: str | None = PythonToStubConverter._CifConditionText(elif_node.test)
+                if econd is None:
+                    break
+                result.append(f'{IndentStr}celif {econd}:')
+                for item in elif_node.body:
                     result.extend(PythonToStubConverter._ProcessMacroBodyItem(item, indent + 1))
-
-                # 处理 elif 和 else
-                current: ast.If = node
-                while current.orelse:
-                    if len(current.orelse) == 1 and isinstance(current.orelse[0], ast.If):
-                        # elif 情况
-                        elif_node: ast.If = current.orelse[0]
-                        if isinstance(elif_node.test, ast.Call):
-                            ElifFuncStr: str = PythonToStubConverter._GetDecoratorString(elif_node.test.func)
-                            if ElifFuncStr and 'CIf' in ElifFuncStr:
-                                ElifArgsStr: str = ', '.join([PythonToStubConverter._GetTypeString(arg) for arg in elif_node.test.args])
-                                result.append(f'{IndentStr}elif {ElifFuncStr}({ElifArgsStr}):' if ElifArgsStr else f'{IndentStr}elif {ElifFuncStr}():')
-                                for item in elif_node.body:
-                                    result.extend(PythonToStubConverter._ProcessMacroBodyItem(item, indent + 1))
-                                current = elif_node
-                                continue
-                        break
-                    else:
-                        # else 情况
-                        result.append(f'{IndentStr}else:')
-                        for item in current.orelse:
-                            result.extend(PythonToStubConverter._ProcessMacroBodyItem(item, indent + 1))
-                        break
-
-                return '\n'.join(result)
-        return ''
+                current = elif_node
+                continue
+            # celse 情况
+            result.append(f'{IndentStr}celse:')
+            for item in current.orelse:
+                result.extend(PythonToStubConverter._ProcessMacroBodyItem(item, indent + 1))
+            break
+        return '\n'.join(result)
 
     @staticmethod
     def _ProcessMacroBodyItem(item: ast.AST, indent: int = 0) -> list[str]:
diff --git a/lib/core/ConstEvaluator.py b/lib/core/ConstEvaluator.py
index a2a8326..d1da49e 100644
--- a/lib/core/ConstEvaluator.py
+++ b/lib/core/ConstEvaluator.py
@@ -222,6 +222,28 @@ class ConstEvaluator:
         elif isinstance(func, ast.Name):
             func_name = func.id
 
+        # c.@CIfdef(NAME) / c.@CIfndef(NAME)：defined(NAME) 的解析期 desugar 标记，编译期返回 0/1。
+        # 仅出现在 cif/celif 条件内（解析器保证），故此处只做宏定义判定。
+        if func_name == '@CIfdef':
+            if node.args:
+                macro_name: str | None = ConstEvaluator._resolve_macro_ref(node.args[0], ctx)
+                if macro_name is not None:
+                    return 1 if ctx.is_macro_defined(macro_name) else 0
+            return 0
+        if func_name == '@CIfndef':
+            if node.args:
+                macro_name = ConstEvaluator._resolve_macro_ref(node.args[0], ctx)
+                if macro_name is not None:
+                    return 0 if ctx.is_macro_defined(macro_name) else 1
+            return 1
+        # defined(NAME) 谓词（未 desugar 形态 / TPV 口径）：编译期返回 0/1。
+        if func_name == 'defined' and module_name is None:
+            if node.args:
+                macro_name = ConstEvaluator._resolve_macro_ref(node.args[0], ctx)
+                if macro_name is not None:
+                    return 1 if ctx.is_macro_defined(macro_name) else 0
+            return 0
+
         # ctraits.isptr(x) — 带模块前缀
         # isptr(x) — 通过 from ctraits import isptr 导入
         is_isptr: bool = False
@@ -434,6 +456,17 @@ class ConstEvaluator:
             pass
         return None
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _resolve_macro_ref(node: ast.AST, ctx: 'EvalContext') -> Optional[str]:
+        """从 defined(...) 实参节点解析宏名：Name→id；Constant(str)→值；Attribute→点分全名。"""
+        if isinstance(node, ast.Name):
+            return node.id
+        if isinstance(node, ast.Constant) and isinstance(node.value, str):
+            return node.value
+        if isinstance(node, ast.Attribute):
+            return EvalContext._get_attr_full_name(node)
+        return None
+
     @staticmethod
     def _eval_attribute_define(node: ast.Attribute, symtab: Any) -> Optional[Any]:
         """从 SymbolTable 查找 Attribute 形式的 define 值"""
@@ -532,7 +565,39 @@ class EvalContext:
 
         return None
 
-    def lookup_attribute(self, node: ast.Attribute) -> Optional[Any]:
+    def is_macro_defined(self, name: str) -> bool:
+        """判定宏 NAME 是否已定义（供 defined(NAME) / c.CIfdef 标记使用）。
+
+        来源与 HandlesIf._is_macro_defined 同口径：Gen._define_constants /
+        _DefineConstants / SymbolTable.is_define / 平台宏。
+        """
+        if not name:
+            return False
+        if self.Gen and name in getattr(self.Gen, '_define_constants', {}):
+            return True
+        if self.Gen and hasattr(self.Gen, '_DefineConstants') and name in self.Gen._DefineConstants:
+            return True
+        if self.symtab:
+            is_define = getattr(self.symtab, 'is_define', None)
+            if callable(is_define) and is_define(name):
+                return True
+            if hasattr(self.symtab, '__contains__') and name in self.symtab:
+                info: CTypeInfo = self.symtab[name]
+                if getattr(info, 'IsDefine', False):
+                    return True
+        macros: dict = self._get_platform_macros()
+        if name in macros:
+            return True
+        # Attribute 形式（如 platmacro.IS_WINDOWS）：退化为短名匹配。
+        if '.' in name:
+            short: str = name.rsplit('.', 1)[-1]
+            if short in macros:
+                return True
+            if self.Gen and short in getattr(self.Gen, '_define_constants', {}):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def lookup_attribute(self, node: ast.Attribute) -> Optional[Any]:
         """查找 Attribute 节点的值"""
         module_name: str | None = node.value.id if isinstance(node.value, ast.Name) else None
         attr_name: str = node.attr
diff --git a/lib/core/Handles/HandlesAnnAssign.py b/lib/core/Handles/HandlesAnnAssign.py
index 0adf5b9..bb682e3 100644
--- a/lib/core/Handles/HandlesAnnAssign.py
+++ b/lib/core/Handles/HandlesAnnAssign.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from lib.includes import t
 from lib.core.SymbolUtils import (
     IsListAnnotation, ParseListAnnotation, FindStructNameInAnnotationWithContext,
     AnnotationContainsName, IsCPtrNode, RequireDefineConstStorable,
+    FindAutoAddrMode,
 )
 
 
@@ -38,7 +39,8 @@ def _IsGenericTpName(name: str) -> bool:
 _PTR_MARKER_CLASS_NAMES: frozenset[str] = frozenset({
     'rawptr', 't.rawptr', 'c.rawptr',
     'CPtr', 't.CPtr', 'c.CPtr',
-    'CNeedPtr', 't.CNeedPtr', 'CAutoPtr', 't.CAutoPtr',
+    'CAutoPtr', 't.CAutoPtr',
+    'CRef', 't.CRef', 'CTempRef', 't.CTempRef',
 })
 
 
@@ -501,6 +503,14 @@ class AnnAssignHandle(BaseHandle):
 
     def _HandleAnnAssignLlvmInner(self, Node: ast.AnnAssign) -> None:
         Gen: LlvmCodeGenerator = self.Trans.LlvmGen
+        # 值引用标记（`&T` / `&temp T`）仅用于函数参数位：局部/全局变量注解出现即 fail-fast。
+        _ref_mode: str | None = FindAutoAddrMode(Node.annotation)
+        if _ref_mode is not None:
+            from lib.core.LLVMCG.FuncGen import FailFastError
+            _ann_text: str = ast.unparse(Node.annotation)
+            raise FailFastError(
+                f"变量注解不支持值引用（`&T` / `&temp T`）：'{_ann_text}'。"
+                f"值引用仅用于函数参数位；局部变量请改用显式指针类型（如 `T*`）。")
         # 内建定长数组构造子 array 的注解校验（误用即 fail-fast，含文件:行:列）：
         # 局部变量/self 字段注解不经过 ResolveAnnotationType，故在此显式校验。
         self._CheckFixedArrayKeyword(Node.annotation)
diff --git a/lib/core/Handles/HandlesAssert.py b/lib/core/Handles/HandlesAssert.py
index 6cf2266..cf59f6a 100644
--- a/lib/core/Handles/HandlesAssert.py
+++ b/lib/core/Handles/HandlesAssert.py
@@ -1,60 +1,79 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from lib.core.translator import Translator
-from lib.core.Handles.HandlesBase import BaseHandle, EXCEPTION_CODE_MAP
-import vast as ast
-import llvmlite.ir as ir
-
-class AssertHandle(BaseHandle):
-    def _HandleAssertLlvm(self, Node: ast.Assert) -> None:
-        Gen: "Translator.LlvmGen" = self.Trans.LlvmGen
-        cond_val: ir.Value | None = self.HandleExprLlvm(Node.test)
-        if not cond_val:
-            return
-        if not isinstance(cond_val.type, ir.IntType) or cond_val.type.width != 1:
-            zero: ir.Constant = ir.Constant(cond_val.type, 0)
-            cond_val = Gen.builder.icmp_signed('!=', cond_val, zero, name="assert_cond")
-        AssertFailBB: ir.Block = Gen.func.append_basic_block(name="assert.fail")
-        AssertOkBB: ir.Block = Gen.func.append_basic_block(name="assert.ok")
-        Gen.builder.cbranch(cond_val, AssertOkBB, AssertFailBB)
-        Gen.builder.position_at_start(AssertFailBB)
-        exc_code: int = 9
-        exc_msg: ir.Value | None = None
-        if Node.msg:
-            if isinstance(Node.msg, ast.Constant) and isinstance(Node.msg.value, str):
-                exc_msg = self.HandleExprLlvm(Node.msg)
-            elif isinstance(Node.msg, ast.Call) and isinstance(Node.msg.func, ast.Name):
-                exc_code = EXCEPTION_CODE_MAP.get(Node.msg.func.id, 99)
-                if Node.msg.args:
-                    first_arg: ast.expr = Node.msg.args[0]
-                    if isinstance(first_arg, ast.Constant) and isinstance(first_arg.value, str):
-                        exc_msg = self.HandleExprLlvm(first_arg)
-            elif isinstance(Node.msg, ast.Name):
-                exc_code = EXCEPTION_CODE_MAP.get(Node.msg.id, 99)
-            else:
-                exc_msg = self.HandleExprLlvm(Node.msg)
-        if Gen.eh_except_block_stack:
-            ExceptBB: ir.Block = Gen.eh_except_block_stack[-1][0]
-            EndBB: ir.Block | None = Gen.eh_except_block_stack[-1][1]
-            exception_code: ir.AllocaInstr = Gen.eh_except_block_stack[-1][2]
-            eh_message: ir.AllocaInstr = Gen.eh_except_block_stack[-1][3]
-            Gen._store(ir.Constant(ir.IntType(32), exc_code), exception_code)
-            if exc_msg:
-                Gen._store(exc_msg, eh_message)
-            else:
-                null_ptr: ir.Constant = ir.Constant(ir.PointerType(ir.IntType(8)), None)
-                Gen._store(null_ptr, eh_message)
-            Gen.builder.branch(ExceptBB)
-        else:
-            printf_func: ir.Function = Gen.get_or_declare_c_func('printf', ir.FunctionType(ir.IntType(32), [ir.PointerType(ir.IntType(8))], var_arg=True))
-            if exc_msg:
-                fmt: ir.Value = Gen.emit_constant("AssertionError: %s\n", 'string')
-                Gen.builder.call(printf_func, [fmt, exc_msg], name="assert_fail_print")
-            else:
-                fmt: ir.Value = Gen.emit_constant("AssertionError\n", 'string')
-                Gen.builder.call(printf_func, [fmt], name="assert_fail_print")
-            exit_func: ir.Function = Gen.get_or_declare_c_func('exit', ir.FunctionType(ir.VoidType(), [ir.IntType(32)]))
-            Gen.builder.call(exit_func, [ir.Constant(ir.IntType(32), 1)], name="call_exit")
-            Gen.builder.unreachable()
-        Gen.builder.position_at_start(AssertOkBB)
\ No newline at end of file
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from lib.core.translator import Translator
+from lib.core.Handles.HandlesBase import BaseHandle, EXCEPTION_CODE_MAP
+import vast as ast
+
+# 无信息 assert 使用的默认 fail_msg；须与 testcheck.check 的 fail_msg: str 形参一致
+_ASSERT_DEFAULT_FAIL_MSG: str = "assertion failed"
+# assert 自动依赖的检查库模块名与入口函数（见 includes/testcheck.vp）
+_ASSERT_CHECK_MODULE: str = "testcheck"
+_ASSERT_CHECK_FUNC: str = "check"
+
+class AssertHandle(BaseHandle):
+    def _HandleAssertLlvm(self, Node: ast.Assert) -> None:
+        """把 `assert 条件[, 信息]` 译为一次普通函数调用 testcheck.check(条件, None, 信息)。
+
+        语义：条件为真 → ok_msg 传 None（静默，不打印 PASS）；条件为假 → fail(信息)。
+        不再中止程序（旧实现的 printf AssertionError + exit(1) 已移除），也不再走
+        try/except 抛异常码的路径。
+        """
+        FailMsgNode: ast.expr = self._ResolveAssertFailMsgNode(Node)
+        CallNode: ast.Call = ast.Call(
+            func=ast.Attribute(
+                value=ast.Name(id=_ASSERT_CHECK_MODULE, ctx=ast.Load()),
+                attr=_ASSERT_CHECK_FUNC,
+                ctx=ast.Load()),
+            args=[Node.test, ast.Constant(value=None, kind=None), FailMsgNode],
+            keywords=[],
+        )
+        ast.copy_location(CallNode, Node)
+        # 复用既有跨模块调用生成路径（含符号解析、实参按形参类型收窄/扩充与 fail-fast 校验）
+        self.HandleExprLlvm(CallNode)
+
+    def _ResolveAssertFailMsgNode(self, Node: ast.Assert) -> ast.expr:
+        """解析 assert 的信息表达式，并强制其为 str（fail-fast，禁止静默降级）。
+
+        - 无信息 → 字符串字面量 "assertion failed"
+        - 有信息 → 原节点（须为 str 形态：字面量 / f-string / str 变量或属性）
+        """
+        MsgNode: ast.expr | None = Node.msg
+        if MsgNode is None:
+            DefaultMsg: ast.Constant = ast.Constant(value=_ASSERT_DEFAULT_FAIL_MSG, kind=None)
+            ast.copy_location(DefaultMsg, Node)
+            return DefaultMsg
+        # 旧实现允许把异常类名当信息（映射为异常码、不打印）。check() 的 fail_msg 形参
+        # 是 str，这类写法已无对应语义：显式报错，不静默降级。
+        _ExcName: str | None = None
+        if isinstance(MsgNode, ast.Name):
+            _ExcName = MsgNode.id
+        elif isinstance(MsgNode, ast.Call) and isinstance(MsgNode.func, ast.Name):
+            _ExcName = MsgNode.func.id
+        if _ExcName is not None and _ExcName in EXCEPTION_CODE_MAP:
+            self._RaiseAssertMsgTypeError(
+                f"assert 的信息必须是字符串（str），不能是异常类 '{_ExcName}'")
+        if not self._IsStrAssertMsg(MsgNode):
+            self._RaiseAssertMsgTypeError(
+                "assert 的信息必须是字符串（str）：仅支持字符串字面量、f-string 或 str 变量/属性"
+                "（如需拼接请先写入 str 变量）")
+        return MsgNode
+
+    def _IsStrAssertMsg(self, MsgNode: ast.expr) -> bool:
+        """静态判定 assert 信息是否为 str 形态。
+
+        变量/属性（Name/Attribute）无法在此静态证伪为 str，放行并由调用点的
+        `fail_msg: str` 形参做类型收口；其余非常量、非 f-string 的形态一律拒绝。
+        """
+        if isinstance(MsgNode, ast.Constant):
+            return isinstance(MsgNode.value, str)
+        if isinstance(MsgNode, ast.JoinedStr):
+            return True
+        if isinstance(MsgNode, (ast.Name, ast.Attribute)):
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def _RaiseAssertMsgTypeError(self, Message: str) -> None:
+        from lib.core.LLVMCG.FuncGen import FailFastError
+        Gen = self.Trans.LlvmGen
+        raise FailFastError(Message + (Gen._get_node_info() if Gen else ''))
diff --git a/lib/core/Handles/HandlesBase.py b/lib/core/Handles/HandlesBase.py
index 46f8ba7..b219f78 100644
--- a/lib/core/Handles/HandlesBase.py
+++ b/lib/core/Handles/HandlesBase.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from lib.core.TypeSpec import TypeSpec, SymbolMeta, FIELD_ROUTES
 from lib.core.SymbolUtils import (
     IsPtrSubscriptNode, IsListAnnotation, IsCPtrMarkerNode,
     FlattenUnionOperands, IsI8DoublePtrType, IsClassRefPtrAnnotation,
-    FixedArrayKeywordAnnotationError)
+    FixedArrayKeywordAnnotationError, FindAutoAddrMode)
 from lib.core.VLogger import get_logger as _vlog
 
 
@@ -1247,6 +1247,11 @@ class BaseHandle:
             return None
         VarName: str = item.target.id
         AnnotationText: str = ast.unparse(item.annotation)
+        # 值引用标记（`&T` / `&temp T`）仅用于函数参数位：结构体字段/成员注解出现即 fail-fast。
+        if FindAutoAddrMode(item.annotation) is not None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"[FATAL] 成员 '{VarName}' 的注解 '{AnnotationText}'：结构体字段/成员不支持"
+                f"值引用（`&T` / `&temp T`）——值引用仅用于函数参数位，请改用显式指针类型（如 `T*`）")
         try:
             TypeInfo: CTypeInfo | None = self.ResolveAnnotationType(item.annotation)
         except RecursionError:
diff --git a/lib/core/Handles/HandlesClassDef.py b/lib/core/Handles/HandlesClassDef.py
index 5110f77..f2e7907 100644
--- a/lib/core/Handles/HandlesClassDef.py
+++ b/lib/core/Handles/HandlesClassDef.py
@@ -19,11 +19,12 @@ from lib.constants.config import mode as _config_mode
 from lib.includes import t
 from lib.includes.t import CTypeRegistry
 
-# 枚举成员不允许的指针形态名：t.CPtr 家族（CPtr/CNeedPtr/CAutoPtr，后两者继承
-# CPtr）、内建 rawptr（= t.CPtr）、str/bytes（= i8*）。枚举值是整数常量，
-# 指针成员语义不成立，命中即明确报错（不静默当 int）。
+# 枚举成员不允许的指针形态名：t.CPtr 家族（CPtr/CAutoPtr，后者继承
+# CPtr）、值引用标记（CRef/CTempRef，`&T`/`&temp T`）、内建 rawptr（= t.CPtr）、
+# str/bytes（= i8*）。枚举值是整数常量，指针成员语义不成立，命中即明确报错
+# （不静默当 int）。
 _ENUM_PTR_ANNOTATION_NAMES: frozenset[str] = frozenset({
-    'CPtr', 'CNeedPtr', 'CAutoPtr', 'rawptr', 'str', 'bytes',
+    'CPtr', 'CAutoPtr', 'CRef', 'CTempRef', 'rawptr', 'str', 'bytes',
 })
 
 
diff --git a/lib/core/Handles/HandlesExprCall.py b/lib/core/Handles/HandlesExprCall.py
index 2e30612..43d8c46 100644
--- a/lib/core/Handles/HandlesExprCall.py
+++ b/lib/core/Handles/HandlesExprCall.py
@@ -27,6 +27,14 @@ _LEN_SUPPORTED_HINT: str = (
     "或改用 t.CPtr[元素] 并显式维护元素计数"
 )
 
+# 已删除的用户可见 CIf 族（c.CIf / c.CIfdef / c.CIfndef / c.CElif / c.CElse / c.CEndif）：
+# 用户再写即在调用点 FailFast，指向原生 cif/celif/celse 与 defined(NAME)（英文报文，
+# 与 TransPyV CallGenDispatch.vp 同口径）。内部标记 c.@CIf 族不受影响。
+_REMOVED_CIF_CALL_MSG: str = (
+    "c.CIf / c.CIfdef / c.CIfndef were removed; use the cif / celif / celse statements "
+    "together with the defined(NAME) predicate instead "
+    "(e.g. `cif defined(NAME):` ... `celif ...:` ... `celse:` ...)")
+
 
 # PROF 热点：_EmitLLVMIRInstruction 对每条 IR 模板都要做多次 re.match / re.split，
 # 未预编译的模块级入口每次都要「模式串哈希 → re 缓存查找 → 未命中就重新编译」，
@@ -938,8 +946,9 @@ class ExprCallHandle(BaseHandle):
                         return self._HandleCDerefAsLlvm(Node)
                     elif FuncAttr == 'PtrToInt':
                         return self.Trans.CSpecialCallHandle._HandleCPtrToIntLlvm(Node)
-                    elif FuncAttr in ('CIf', 'CElif'):
-                        return self.Trans.CSpecialCallHandle._HandleCIfLlvm(Node)
+                    elif FuncAttr in ('CIf', 'CIfdef', 'CIfndef', 'CElif', 'CElse', 'CEndif'):
+                        from lib.core.LLVMCG.FuncGen import FailFastError
+                        raise FailFastError(_REMOVED_CIF_CALL_MSG)
                     elif FuncAttr == 'CError':
                         msg = "compile-time error"
                         if Node.args:
@@ -2003,8 +2012,9 @@ class ExprCallHandle(BaseHandle):
                 return self._HandleCDerefAsLlvm(Node)
             elif func_name == 'PtrToInt':
                 return self.Trans.CSpecialCallHandle._HandleCPtrToIntLlvm(Node)
-            elif func_name in ('CIf', 'CElif'):
-                return self.Trans.CSpecialCallHandle._HandleCIfLlvm(Node)
+            elif func_name in ('CIf', 'CIfdef', 'CIfndef', 'CElif', 'CElse', 'CEndif'):
+                from lib.core.LLVMCG.FuncGen import FailFastError
+                raise FailFastError(_REMOVED_CIF_CALL_MSG)
             elif func_name == 'CError':
                 msg = "compile-time error"
                 if Node.args:
@@ -3355,19 +3365,9 @@ class ExprCallHandle(BaseHandle):
                 return self._HandleCDerefAsLlvm(Node)
             elif MethodName == 'PtrToInt':
                 return self.Trans.CSpecialCallHandle._HandleCPtrToIntLlvm(Node)
-            elif MethodName in ('CIf', 'CElif'):
-                if Node.args:
-                    ArgVal = self.HandleExprLlvm(Node.args[0])
-                    if ArgVal:
-                        if isinstance(ArgVal, ir.Constant) and isinstance(ArgVal.type, ir.IntType):
-                            return ir.Constant(ir.IntType(1), 1 if ArgVal.constant != 0 else 0)
-                        if isinstance(ArgVal.type, ir.IntType):
-                            return Gen.builder.icmp_signed('!=', ArgVal, Gen._ZeroConst(ArgVal.type), name="cif_cond")
-                        if isinstance(ArgVal.type, ir.PointerType):
-                            return Gen.builder.icmp_signed('!=', ArgVal, Gen._ZeroConst(ArgVal.type), name="cif_cond")
-                return ir.Constant(ir.IntType(1), 0)
-            elif MethodName in ('CIfdef', 'CIfndef'):
-                return ir.Constant(ir.IntType(1), 1)
+            elif MethodName in ('CIf', 'CIfdef', 'CIfndef', 'CElif'):
+                from lib.core.LLVMCG.FuncGen import FailFastError
+                raise FailFastError(_REMOVED_CIF_CALL_MSG)
             elif MethodName == 'CError':
                 msg = "compile-time error"
                 if Node.args:
@@ -3389,7 +3389,10 @@ class ExprCallHandle(BaseHandle):
                 if _line_offset > 0 and lineno > _line_offset:
                     lineno -= _line_offset
                 raise Exception(f"#error: {msg} (line {lineno})")
-            elif MethodName in ('CElse', 'CEndif', 'CPragma', 'CUndef'):
+            elif MethodName in ('CElse', 'CEndif'):
+                from lib.core.LLVMCG.FuncGen import FailFastError
+                raise FailFastError(_REMOVED_CIF_CALL_MSG)
+            elif MethodName in ('CPragma', 'CUndef'):
                 return ir.Constant(ir.IntType(1), 1)
             elif MethodName in ('LLVMIR', 'LInp', 'LOut'):
                 return None
diff --git a/lib/core/Handles/HandlesFunctions.py b/lib/core/Handles/HandlesFunctions.py
index ae1c400..a5caef7 100644
--- a/lib/core/Handles/HandlesFunctions.py
+++ b/lib/core/Handles/HandlesFunctions.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import llvmlite.ir as ir
 from lib.core.Handles.HandlesBase import BaseHandle, CTypeInfo, FuncMeta
 from lib.core.SymbolUtils import (
     IsTModule, FindStructNameInAnnotationWithContext, AnnotationContainsName,
-    IsPtrSubscriptNode, DesugarPtrSubscriptToUnion)
+    IsPtrSubscriptNode, DesugarPtrSubscriptToUnion, FindAutoAddrMode)
 from lib.core.VLogger import get_logger as _vlog
 from lib.constants.config import mode as _config_mode
 from lib.includes import t
@@ -35,6 +35,21 @@ def _RejectCReturnDecorator(node: ast.AST, decorators: list[ast.AST]) -> None:
                 raise SyntaxError(f"函数 '{func_name}'：{_CRETURN_REMOVED_HINT}")
 
 
+def _RejectRefReturnAnnotation(node: ast.AST) -> None:
+    """返回注解出现值引用标记（`&T` / `&temp T`）即 fail-fast。
+
+    值引用仅用于函数参数位；返回位一律拒绝，禁止静默按指针降级。
+    """
+    if getattr(node, 'returns', None) is None:
+        return
+    if FindAutoAddrMode(node.returns) is not None:
+        from lib.core.LLVMCG.FuncGen import FailFastError
+        func_name: str = getattr(node, 'name', '<unknown>')
+        raise FailFastError(
+            f"返回注解不支持值引用 `&T` / `&temp T`（函数 '{func_name}'）："
+            f"值引用仅用于函数参数位；返回位请改用显式指针类型（如 `T*`）。")
+
+
 def _IsVoidOrDeclAnnotation(Annot: ast.AST) -> bool:
     """判断函数返回注解是否为 void 或 extern/export 声明型辅助符号。
 
@@ -505,6 +520,7 @@ class FunctionHandle(BaseHandle):
         FuncName, RawFuncName, func_meta = self._compute_func_name_meta(Node, ClassName)
         if Node.decorator_list:
             _RejectCReturnDecorator(Node, Node.decorator_list)
+        _RejectRefReturnAnnotation(Node)
         MultiRetTypes: list[ast.AST] = []
         if Node.returns:
             llvm_attrs: list[str] = self._ExtractLLVMAttrs(Node.returns)
@@ -762,16 +778,14 @@ class FunctionHandle(BaseHandle):
             ParamTypes.append(ParamType)
             ParamNames.append(Arg.arg)
             ParamTypeStrs.append(ParamTypeStr)
-            # 检测 t.CNeedPtr / t.CAutoPtr 参数注解
-            auto_mode: str | None = None
-            if ParamTypeStr is not None and hasattr(ParamTypeStr, 'BaseType') and ParamTypeStr.BaseType is not None:
-                if isinstance(ParamTypeStr.BaseType, t.CAutoPtr):
-                    auto_mode = 'always'
-                elif isinstance(ParamTypeStr.BaseType, t.CNeedPtr):
-                    auto_mode = 'need'
+            # 自动取址模式（由注解读出，不依赖 BaseType 类型）：
+            # 'ref' = &T、'temp' = &temp T（合成联合 T | t.CRef / t.CTempRef），
+            # 'always' = t.CAutoPtr。经 Gen._auto_addr_params 供调用点分流。
+            auto_mode: str | None = FindAutoAddrMode(Arg.annotation)
             auto_addr_modes.append(auto_mode)
         if self._apply_struct_self_cls_types(ParamTypes, ParamNames, IsMethod, IsClassMethod, ResolvedClassName, Gen):
             ParamTypeStrs.insert(0, f"struct {ResolvedClassName}")
+            auto_addr_modes.insert(0, None)
         IsVariadic: bool = Node.args.vararg is not None
         if extra_params:
             for var_name, ptr_type in extra_params:
@@ -1366,6 +1380,7 @@ class FunctionHandle(BaseHandle):
         if self._is_generic_function(Node):
             return
         FuncName, RawFuncName, func_meta = self._compute_func_name_meta(Node, ClassName)
+        _RejectRefReturnAnnotation(Node)
         # 保存父级 _CurrentCpythonObjectClass，防止嵌套函数发射污染父方法类上下文
         # （例如 HandleImport body 内触发 list[ast.ASTptr] 方法发射，结束后会清空 _CurrentCpythonObjectClass）
         saved_cpython_class: str | None = self.Trans._CurrentCpythonObjectClass
@@ -1667,13 +1682,8 @@ class FunctionHandle(BaseHandle):
             ParamTypes.append(ParamType)
             ParamNames.append(Arg.arg)
             ParamTypeStrs.append(ParamTypeInfo)
-            # 检测 t.CNeedPtr / t.CAutoPtr 参数注解
-            auto_mode_emit: str | None = None
-            if ParamTypeInfo is not None and hasattr(ParamTypeInfo, 'BaseType') and ParamTypeInfo.BaseType is not None:
-                if isinstance(ParamTypeInfo.BaseType, t.CAutoPtr):
-                    auto_mode_emit = 'always'
-                elif isinstance(ParamTypeInfo.BaseType, t.CNeedPtr):
-                    auto_mode_emit = 'need'
+            # 自动取址模式（由注解读出）：'ref' = &T、'temp' = &temp T、'always' = t.CAutoPtr
+            auto_mode_emit: str | None = FindAutoAddrMode(Arg.annotation)
             auto_addr_modes_emit.append(auto_mode_emit)
             Gen._record_var_signedness(Arg.arg, ParamIsUnsigned)
             self.Trans.VarScopes[-1][Arg.arg] = ParamTypeInfo
@@ -1706,7 +1716,8 @@ class FunctionHandle(BaseHandle):
             self.Trans.CurrentMultiRetTypes = MultiRetTypes
         else:
             self.Trans.CurrentMultiRetTypes = None
-        self._apply_struct_self_cls_types(ParamTypes, ParamNames, IsMethod, IsClassMethod, ResolvedClassName, Gen)
+        if self._apply_struct_self_cls_types(ParamTypes, ParamNames, IsMethod, IsClassMethod, ResolvedClassName, Gen):
+            auto_addr_modes_emit.insert(0, None)
         IsVariadic = Node.args.vararg is not None
         if extra_params:
             for var_name, ptr_type in extra_params:
diff --git a/lib/core/Handles/HandlesIf.py b/lib/core/Handles/HandlesIf.py
index 0158434..ff2798a 100644
--- a/lib/core/Handles/HandlesIf.py
+++ b/lib/core/Handles/HandlesIf.py
@@ -23,12 +23,16 @@ class IfHandle(BaseHandle):
         return None
 
     def _is_cif_call(self, node: ast.expr) -> bool:
+        """判定 If.test 是否为 cif/celif 的内部标记调用（c.@CIf 族，解析期合成）。
+
+        标记属性名带前导 '@'（词法器不可产出），故用户写的 c.CIf(...) 不会命中。
+        """
         if isinstance(node, ast.Call):
             if isinstance(node.func, ast.Attribute):
                 if isinstance(node.func.value, ast.Name) and node.func.value.id == 'c':
-                    return node.func.attr in ('CIf', 'CIfdef', 'CIfndef')
+                    return node.func.attr in ('@CIf', '@CIfdef', '@CIfndef')
             if isinstance(node.func, ast.Name):
-                return node.func.id in ('CIf', 'CIfdef', 'CIfndef')
+                return node.func.id in ('@CIf', '@CIfdef', '@CIfndef')
         return False
 
     def _resolve_macro_name(self, arg: ast.expr) -> str | None:
@@ -55,17 +59,17 @@ class IfHandle(BaseHandle):
             kind = node.func.id
         else:
             return None
-        if kind == 'CIfdef':
+        if kind == '@CIfdef':
             name: str | None = self._resolve_macro_name(args[0])
             if name is None:
                 return 0
             return 1 if self._is_macro_defined(name) else 0
-        elif kind == 'CIfndef':
+        elif kind == '@CIfndef':
             name: str | None = self._resolve_macro_name(args[0])
             if name is None:
                 return 1
             return 0 if self._is_macro_defined(name) else 1
-        elif kind == 'CIf':
+        elif kind == '@CIf':
             return self._eval_const_expr(args[0])
         return None
 
@@ -154,19 +158,36 @@ class IfHandle(BaseHandle):
             return 1 if result != 0.0 else 0
         return result
 
+    def _CifExprText(self, node: ast.expr) -> str:
+        """cif/celif 标记调用内层条件表达式的源码文本（供 FailFast 报文，失败取占位）。"""
+        try:
+            if isinstance(node, ast.Call) and node.args:
+                return ast.unparse(node.args[0])
+            return ast.unparse(node)
+        except Exception:
+            return '<condition>'
+
     def _HandleIfLlvm(self, Node: ast.If) -> None:
         Gen: "Translator.LlvmGen" = self.Trans.LlvmGen
         if self._is_cif_call(Node.test):
             compile_time_val: int | None = self._evaluate_cif_condition(Node.test)
-            if compile_time_val is not None:
-                if compile_time_val:
-                    self.Trans.BodyHandler.HandleBodyLlvm(Node.body)
-                elif Node.orelse:
-                    if isinstance(Node.orelse, list) and len(Node.orelse) == 1 and isinstance(Node.orelse[0], ast.If):
-                        self._HandleIfLlvm(Node.orelse[0])
-                    else:
-                        self.Trans.BodyHandler.HandleBodyLlvm(Node.orelse)
-                return
+            if compile_time_val is None:
+                # cif/celif 条件必须是编译期常量：求不出 ⇒ FailFast（不再回退运行时分支）。
+                from lib.core.LLVMCG.FuncGen import FailFastError
+                expr_text: str = self._CifExprText(Node.test)
+                Message: str = (
+                    f"'cif' / 'celif' condition is not a compile-time constant: {expr_text}. "
+                    f"Only CDefine constants, literals, their arithmetic/comparison/boolean/"
+                    f"bitwise operators and the 'defined(NAME)' predicate are allowed.")
+                raise FailFastError(Message + (Gen._get_node_info() if Gen else ''))
+            if compile_time_val:
+                self.Trans.BodyHandler.HandleBodyLlvm(Node.body)
+            elif Node.orelse:
+                if isinstance(Node.orelse, list) and len(Node.orelse) == 1 and isinstance(Node.orelse[0], ast.If):
+                    self._HandleIfLlvm(Node.orelse[0])
+                else:
+                    self.Trans.BodyHandler.HandleBodyLlvm(Node.orelse)
+            return
         Cond: ir.Value | None = self.Trans.ExprHandler.HandleExprLlvm(Node.test)
         if not Cond:
             return
diff --git a/lib/core/Handles/HandlesImports.py b/lib/core/Handles/HandlesImports.py
index b3668c7..2a9dd41 100644
--- a/lib/core/Handles/HandlesImports.py
+++ b/lib/core/Handles/HandlesImports.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from lib.core.VLogger import get_logger as _vlog
 from lib.constants.config import mode as _config_mode
 from lib.includes import t
 from lib.includes.t import CTypeRegistry
-from lib.core.SymbolUtils import ParseListAnnotation, ExtractTypeNameFromBinOp, AnnotationContainsName, FindStructNameInAnnotationWithContext
+from lib.core.SymbolUtils import ParseListAnnotation, ExtractTypeNameFromBinOp, AnnotationContainsName, FindStructNameInAnnotationWithContext, FindAutoAddrMode
 from lib.core.SymbolUtils import EnumClassIntWidth, ExpandSoftKeywords
 from lib.core.SymbolUtils import ClassHasFuncLevelCVTable, IsVtableSlotMethod
 
@@ -1870,6 +1870,13 @@ class ImportHandle(BaseHandle):
         func = Gen._get_or_declare_function(MangledName, FuncType)
         Gen.functions[MangledName] = func
         Gen.functions[FuncName] = func
+        # 跨模块自动取址模式登记（ref/temp/always）：调用点 Gen._apply_auto_addr 按函数名
+        # 查表，命中才做取址适配。ParamTypes 与 Node.args.args 逐位对齐（含方法 self）。
+        _auto_modes: list[str | None] = [
+            FindAutoAddrMode(a.annotation) for a in Node.args.args]
+        if any(m is not None for m in _auto_modes):
+            Gen._auto_addr_params[MangledName] = _auto_modes
+            Gen._auto_addr_params[FuncName] = _auto_modes
         func_meta = FuncMeta.NONE
         if Node.decorator_list:
             for d in Node.decorator_list:
diff --git a/lib/core/Handles/HandlesTypeMerge.py b/lib/core/Handles/HandlesTypeMerge.py
index e1008a2..f40a737 100644
--- a/lib/core/Handles/HandlesTypeMerge.py
+++ b/lib/core/Handles/HandlesTypeMerge.py
@@ -207,6 +207,13 @@ class HandlesTypeMerge(BaseHandle):
                 return Info
 
             if ModulePath == 't' or (ModulePath and ModulePath.startswith('t.')):
+                # 值引用参数标记（CRef = `&T`、CTempRef = `&temp T`，非真实类）：与
+                # t.CPtr 同形的「一层指针」，使 `T | t.CRef` 合并为 T*（pointer 层 +1）。
+                if TypeName in ('CRef', 'CTempRef'):
+                    Info = CTypeInfo()
+                    Info.PtrCount = 1
+                    Info.BaseType = t.CVoid
+                    return Info
                 if self._IsTModuleType(TypeName):
                     TypeClass = CTypeHelper.GetTModuleCType(TypeName) or getattr(t, TypeName, None)
                     if TypeClass == t.CArrayPtr:
diff --git a/lib/core/LLVMCG/BaseGen.py b/lib/core/LLVMCG/BaseGen.py
index 05e8b95..c0c45d2 100644
--- a/lib/core/LLVMCG/BaseGen.py
+++ b/lib/core/LLVMCG/BaseGen.py
@@ -378,8 +378,9 @@ class BaseGenMixin:
         # 编译期 with 上下文栈：记录当前嵌套 with 链中所有可用的 provides 字段名
         # 用于 __require_must__ 的纯编译期静态可达性检查
         self._with_provides_stack: list[list[str]] = []
-        # 函数参数自动取地址模式: func_name -> [None, None, 'need', 'always', ...]
-        # 'need': t.CNeedPtr — 仅对非指针值取地址
+        # 函数参数自动取地址模式: func_name -> [None, None, 'ref', 'temp', 'always', ...]
+        # 'ref': &T — 实参非指针左值取址，右值 fail-fast
+        # 'temp': &temp T — 实参非指针时在调用方建同型临时再取址
         # 'always': t.CAutoPtr — 无条件取地址
         self._auto_addr_params: dict[str, list[str | None]] = {}
         self.global_struct_class: dict[str, str] = {}
diff --git a/lib/core/LLVMCG/FuncGen.py b/lib/core/LLVMCG/FuncGen.py
index 8d176ce..6e01e10 100644
--- a/lib/core/LLVMCG/FuncGen.py
+++ b/lib/core/LLVMCG/FuncGen.py
@@ -94,11 +94,17 @@ class FuncGenMixin:
             self.class_methods[ClassName].append(MethodName)
 
     def _apply_auto_addr(self, func_name: str, args: list[ir.Value]) -> list[ir.Value]:
-        """对函数参数应用自动取地址逻辑（t.CNeedPtr / t.CAutoPtr）。
-        
-        在调用前对标记为 auto-addr 的参数自动取地址：
-        - 'need' (t.CNeedPtr): 仅对非指针值取地址（alloca + store + get pointer）
-        - 'always' (t.CAutoPtr): 无条件取地址
+        """对函数参数应用自动取址逻辑（ref / temp / always 三种模式）。
+
+        在调用前对标记为 auto-addr 的实参做地址适配（模式由 HandlesFunctions 从形参注解
+        读出并写入 Gen._auto_addr_params[func_name]）：
+        - 'ref'（&T）：实参已是指针 → 原样传；非指针左值 → 传该左值地址；
+          非指针且非左值（字面量/表达式结果）→ fail-fast（禁止静默降级）。
+        - 'temp'（&temp T）：实参已是指针 → 原样传；否则在 entry 块建同型临时 + store + 传地址。
+        - 'always'（t.CAutoPtr）：无条件取址（保持既有语义）。
+
+        非指针左值的地址取自实参 load 指令的指针操作数（`load(p)` ⇒ p 即左值地址），
+        因为调用点实参已按 rvalue 求值（标量变量的 load 结果）。
         """
         modes: list[str | None] | None = self._auto_addr_params.get(func_name)
         if not modes:
@@ -109,8 +115,23 @@ class FuncGenMixin:
                 continue
             arg: ir.Value = new_args[i]
             is_ptr: bool = isinstance(arg.type, ir.PointerType)
-            if mode == 'always' or (mode == 'need' and not is_ptr):
-                # alloca + store + get pointer
+            if mode == 'ref':
+                if is_ptr:
+                    continue
+                if isinstance(arg, ir.LoadInstr) and len(arg.operands) == 1:
+                    # load(p) 的 p 即该左值的地址（该实参是变量/字段/下标的取值）
+                    new_args[i] = arg.operands[0]
+                    continue
+                raise FailFastError(
+                    f"&T 形参只接受左值，右值请用具名临时变量或改用 &temp T"
+                    f"（调用 {func_name} 第 {i} 个实参类型 {arg.type}）")
+            if mode == 'temp':
+                if is_ptr:
+                    continue
+                slot: ir.Value = self._allocaEntry(arg.type, name=f"autoaddr_tmp_{i}")
+                self.builder.store(arg, slot)
+                new_args[i] = slot
+            elif mode == 'always':
                 slot: ir.Value = self.builder.alloca(arg.type)
                 self.builder.store(arg, slot)
                 new_args[i] = slot
diff --git a/lib/core/SymbolUtils.py b/lib/core/SymbolUtils.py
index 2261037..eb9cc8a 100644
--- a/lib/core/SymbolUtils.py
+++ b/lib/core/SymbolUtils.py
@@ -2386,6 +2386,38 @@ def IsCPtrNode(node: ast.AST) -> bool:
             and node.attr == 'CPtr')
 
 
+# 值引用参数标记名 → 自动取址模式（仅注解 AST 内按名字识别，非真实类）：
+#   'CRef'     → 'ref'    （&T       ：实参非指针左值取址，右值 fail-fast）
+#   'CTempRef' → 'temp'   （&temp T  ：实参非指针时在调用方建同型临时再取址）
+#   'CAutoPtr' → 'always' （t.CAutoPtr：无条件取址，保持既有语义）
+_AUTO_ADDR_MARKER_MODES: dict[str, str] = {
+    'CRef': 'ref', 'CTempRef': 'temp', 'CAutoPtr': 'always',
+}
+
+
+def FindAutoAddrMode(node: ast.AST | None) -> str | None:
+    """注解 AST 内查找自动取址模式标记，返回 'ref' / 'temp' / 'always'；无则 None。
+
+    只按名字识别（Attribute.attr 或 Name.id），递归联合/嵌套注解；CRef/CTempRef
+    非真实类，不出现在 lib/includes/t.py。
+    """
+    if node is None:
+        return None
+    if isinstance(node, ast.Attribute):
+        mode = _AUTO_ADDR_MARKER_MODES.get(node.attr)
+        if mode is not None:
+            return mode
+    elif isinstance(node, ast.Name):
+        mode = _AUTO_ADDR_MARKER_MODES.get(node.id)
+        if mode is not None:
+            return mode
+    for child in ast.iter_child_nodes(node):
+        mode = FindAutoAddrMode(child)
+        if mode is not None:
+            return mode
+    return None
+
+
 def IsCPtrSubscriptNode(node: ast.AST) -> bool:
     """检查节点是否为 t.CPtr[T] 下标指针类型（非裸标记，裸标记见 IsCPtrNode）。
 
diff --git a/lib/core/TypeAnnotationResolver.py b/lib/core/TypeAnnotationResolver.py
index 0a8e227..db97b30 100644
--- a/lib/core/TypeAnnotationResolver.py
+++ b/lib/core/TypeAnnotationResolver.py
@@ -1131,6 +1131,14 @@ class TypeAnnotationResolver:
                         ModulePath = resolved_name
 
         if ModulePath and IsTModulePath(ModulePath):
+            # 值引用参数标记（CRef = `&T`、CTempRef = `&temp T`）：非真实类，仅按名字
+            # 识别为「一层指针」（与 t.CPtr 同形），使联合形态 `T | t.CRef` 解析为 T*、
+            # `void | t.CRef` 解析为 void*（i8*）。模式语义（ref/temp）由注解侧识别。
+            if TypeName in ('CRef', 'CTempRef'):
+                Info: CTypeInfo = CTypeInfo()
+                Info.PtrCount = 1
+                Info.BaseType = t.CVoid
+                return Info
             TypeClass: type | None = CTypeHelper.GetTModuleCType(TypeName)
             if TypeClass is None:
                 TypeClass = getattr(t, TypeName, None)
diff --git a/lib/includes/c.py b/lib/includes/c.py
index 5f9b11a..d2c86ec 100644
--- a/lib/includes/c.py
+++ b/lib/includes/c.py
@@ -454,32 +454,6 @@ class CDefine:
         return []
 
 
-class CIfndef:
-    """#ifndef 条件编译"""
-    def __init__(self, condition: Any) -> None:
-        self.condition: Any = condition
-    
-    @staticmethod
-    def HandleCall(translator: Any, args: Any, keywords: Any) -> list[str]:
-        """处理 c.CIfndef() 调用"""
-        if args:
-            condition: Any = translator.HandleExpr(args[0])[0]
-            return ['#ifndef ' + _to_str(condition)]
-        return ['#if 0']
-
-class CIfdef:
-    """#ifdef 条件编译"""
-    def __init__(self, condition: Any) -> None:
-        self.condition: Any = condition
-    
-    @staticmethod
-    def HandleCall(translator: Any, args: Any, keywords: Any) -> list[str]:
-        """处理 c.CIfdef() 调用"""
-        if args:
-            condition: Any = translator.HandleExpr(args[0])[0]
-            return ['#ifdef ' + _to_str(condition)]
-        return ['#if 0']
-
 class CError:
     """#error 错误信息"""
     def __init__(self, condition: Any) -> None:
@@ -536,20 +510,6 @@ class TokenPast:
         return ['']
 
 
-class CIf:
-    """#if 条件编译"""
-    def __init__(self, condition: Any) -> None:
-        self.condition: Any = condition
-    
-    @staticmethod
-    def HandleCall(translator: Any, args: Any, keywords: Any) -> list[str]:
-        """处理 c.CIf() 调用"""
-        if args:
-            condition: Any = translator.HandleExpr(args[0])[0]
-            return ['#if ' + _to_str(condition)]
-        return ['#if 0']
-
-
 class CElif:
     """#elif 条件编译"""
     def __init__(self, condition: Any) -> None:
@@ -688,9 +648,6 @@ Library_C = {
     'AsmInp': AsmInp,
     'AsmOut': AsmOut,
     'CDefine': CDefine,
-    'CIfndef': CIfndef,
-    'CIfdef': CIfdef,
-    'CIf': CIf,
     'CElif': CElif,
     'CElse': CElse,
     'CEndif': CEndif,
diff --git a/lib/includes/t.py b/lib/includes/t.py
index 690c97b..69afa18 100644
--- a/lib/includes/t.py
+++ b/lib/includes/t.py
@@ -530,15 +530,6 @@ class CPtr(CType, Generic[T]):
     def __init__(self, value: Any = None) -> None:
         super().__init__(value)
 
-class CNeedPtr(CPtr):
-    """函数签名注解：自动取地址（仅对非指针值）。
-    用作参数类型时，编译器在调用处自动将非指针值取地址为指针。
-    若参数已经是指针，则不做操作。"""
-    position: ClassVar[frozenset[str]] = frozenset({CType.POINTER})
-    auto_addr_mode: ClassVar[str] = 'need'
-    def __init__(self, value: Any = None) -> None:
-        super().__init__(value)
-
 class CAutoPtr(CPtr):
     """函数签名注解：无条件取地址。
     用作参数类型时，编译器在调用处无条件将值取地址为指针，
diff --git a/lib/vast/ExprParser.py b/lib/vast/ExprParser.py
index 07c3935..d13caac 100644
--- a/lib/vast/ExprParser.py
+++ b/lib/vast/ExprParser.py
@@ -40,6 +40,12 @@ def _JoinConstParts(parts: list[object]) -> str | bytes:
 
 _HEX_ALPHABET: str = '0123456789abcdefABCDEF'
 
+# 已删除的用户可见 CIf 族名：用户再写 c.CIf / c.CIfdef / c.CIfndef ⇒ FailFast，
+# 提示改用原生 cif/celif/celse 与 defined() 谓词（内部标记由解析期合成，不走此处）。
+_REMOVED_CIF_NAMES: frozenset[str] = frozenset({
+    'CIf', 'CIfdef', 'CIfndef', 'c.CIf', 'c.CIfdef', 'c.CIfndef',
+})
+
 
 def _HexValOf(ch: str) -> int:
     """单个字符的十六进制位值；非十六进制字符返回 0（与 C 解析器 vast_c.HexVal 同口径）。"""
@@ -581,6 +587,44 @@ class ExprParserMixin(TokenStream):
         self._ExpectOp(')')
         node: N.Call = N.Call(func=func, args=args, keywords=keywords)
         self._FixLoc(node, start)
+        return self._DesugarSpecialCall(node, start)
+
+    def _CallCalleeName(self, func: N.expr) -> str:
+        """被调用者的限定名：Name('X')→'X'；Attribute(c,'X')→'c.X'；否则空串。"""
+        if isinstance(func, N.Name):
+            return func.id
+        if isinstance(func, N.Attribute) and isinstance(func.value, N.Name):
+            return f'{func.value.id}.{func.attr}'
+        return ''
+
+    def _DesugarSpecialCall(self, node: N.Call, start: Token) -> N.expr:
+        """调用点的特殊 desugar / fail-fast。
+
+        - `defined(NAME)`：仅 cif/celif 条件内合法（`self._InCIfCond`），
+          desugar 为内部标记调用 `c.CIfdef(NAME)`；其余位置 FailFast。
+        - `c.CIf` / `c.CIfdef` / `c.CIfndef`（及裸名）：已删除，FailFast 指向新语法。
+        """
+        callee: str = self._CallCalleeName(node.func)
+        if callee in _REMOVED_CIF_NAMES:
+            raise SyntaxError(
+                f"'{callee}(...)' has been removed; use the native 'cif' / 'celif' / "
+                f"'celse' statements together with the 'defined(NAME)' predicate "
+                f"instead, at line {start.Line}")
+        if callee == 'defined':
+            if not self._InCIfCond:
+                raise SyntaxError(
+                    "'defined(NAME)' is only allowed inside a 'cif' / 'celif' "
+                    f"condition, at line {start.Line}")
+            if len(node.args) != 1 or node.keywords:
+                raise SyntaxError(
+                    f"'defined' expects exactly one macro name (e.g. defined(MAX_SIZE)), "
+                    f"at line {start.Line}")
+            marker: N.Call = N.Call(
+                func=N.Attribute(value=N.Name(id='c', ctx=N.Load()),
+                                 attr='@CIfdef', ctx=N.Load()),
+                args=[node.args[0]], keywords=[])
+            self._FixLoc(marker, start)
+            return marker
         return node
 
     def _ParseSubscriptTail(self, value: N.expr, start: Token) -> N.Subscript:
@@ -1567,7 +1611,33 @@ class ExprParserMixin(TokenStream):
         正确写法示例），绝不静默丢弃：注解末尾若仍遗留未被 `_AtPtrSuffix` 接受的
         '*'/'**'（如 `a: int * 2` / `a: int* | t.CPtr`），判据拒绝消费即终止编译
         （历史事故：静默退化会产出错误的指针层数）。
+
+        值引用参数注解（仅形参位有效）：前导 `&` 为 ref 模式、`&temp` 为 temp 模式，
+        合成联合形态 `T | t.CRef` / `T | t.CTempRef` 承载（CRef/CTempRef 非真实类，
+        仅按名字识别；语义侧见 HandlesFunctions / FuncGen）。表达式位的 `&x` 不受影响。
         """
+        ref_mode: str | None = None
+        ref_tok: Token = self._Peek()
+        if self._AtOp('&'):
+            self._Next()
+            if self._AtName('temp'):
+                self._Next()
+                ref_mode = 'temp'
+            else:
+                ref_mode = 'ref'
+            # `&` / `&temp` 之后必须紧跟类型；缺失即响亮失败（禁止静默丢弃）
+            end_tok: Token = self._Peek()
+            if end_tok.Type in (NEWLINE, NL, ENDMARKER) or (
+                    end_tok.Type == OP and end_tok.Value in (')', ',', ':', '=', ']', '}', ';')):
+                snippet: str = ''
+                try:
+                    snippet = (self.Source.splitlines()[end_tok.Line - 1] or '').strip()
+                except Exception:
+                    snippet = ''
+                raise SyntaxError(
+                    f"[vast] 值引用参数注解缺少类型：第 {end_tok.Line} 行第 {end_tok.Col} 列的 "
+                    f"`&` 后必须紧跟类型 T（ref：`&T`；temp：`&temp T`）。"
+                    f"源码片段 {snippet!r}。正确示例：`def f(p: &int)` / `def f(p: &temp void)`。")
         saved_flag: bool = self._InTypeAnnotation
         self._InTypeAnnotation = True
         try:
@@ -1575,9 +1645,13 @@ class ExprParserMixin(TokenStream):
         finally:
             self._InTypeAnnotation = saved_flag
         if expr is None:
+            if ref_mode is not None:
+                raise SyntaxError(
+                    "[vast] 值引用参数注解缺少类型：`&` 后必须紧跟类型 T"
+                    "（ref：`&T`；temp：`&temp T`）。")
             return None
         if self._AtPtrSuffix(expr):
-            return self._ConsumePtrSuffix(expr)
+            expr = self._ConsumePtrSuffix(expr)
         tok: Token = self._Peek()
         if tok.Type == OP and tok.Value in ('*', '**'):
             snippet: str = ''
@@ -1595,8 +1669,23 @@ class ExprParserMixin(TokenStream):
                 f"正确示例：`a: t.CPtr*` / `a: rawptr*` / `a: t.X**` / "
                 f"`a: rawptr[ast.AST*]` / `def f(p: int*) -> int**`。"
             )
+        if ref_mode is not None:
+            expr = self._MakeRefMarker(expr, ref_mode, ref_tok)
         return expr
 
+    def _MakeRefMarker(self, base: N.expr, mode: str, tok: Token) -> N.expr:
+        """构造值引用标记联合：`base | t.CRef`（ref）/ `base | t.CTempRef`（temp）。
+
+        CRef / CTempRef 非真实类，仅作为注解 AST 内的名字标记（语义侧按名字识别）。
+        """
+        marker: N.expr = N.Attribute(
+            value=N.Name(id='t', ctx=N.Load()),
+            attr='CRef' if mode == 'ref' else 'CTempRef',
+            ctx=N.Load())
+        node: N.BinOp = N.BinOp(left=base, op=N.BitOr(), right=marker)
+        self._FixLoc(node, tok)
+        return node
+
     # 类型结束后缀：'_AtPtrSuffix' 的判据表
     #   - 全局（任意表达式上下文）：'*'/'**' 串后紧跟这些 operator 时，乘法/幂本就缺右操作数
     #     （即原语法错误），故按指针后缀处理不会改变任何合法表达式的语义；
diff --git a/lib/vast/Parser.py b/lib/vast/Parser.py
index be0533e..1d5be0a 100644
--- a/lib/vast/Parser.py
+++ b/lib/vast/Parser.py
@@ -91,6 +91,32 @@ _SWITCH_KEYWORD: str = 'switch'
 # 标记调用（switch 生成侧据此让 case 体不自动跳出 switch，落到下一个 case）。
 _FALLTHROUGH_KEYWORD: str = 'fallthrough'
 
+# ======================================================================
+# cif / celif / celse 编译期条件编译（软关键字）
+# ======================================================================
+# 语法：`cif <编译期常量表达式>:` / `celif <...>:` / `celse:`
+# 语义：只有 cif 能开链；celif/celse 必须属于同一条 cif 链。
+# 解析期 desugar 为既有「If + CIf 族标记调用」形状（与 Viper 侧口径一致）：
+#   cif E:   → If(test=c.@CIf(E), body, orelse)
+#   celif E: → 同链下一个 If(test=c.@CIf(E), ...)（挂在上一支 orelse）
+#   celse:   → 普通 orelse
+#   defined(N) → c.@CIfdef(N) 标记调用
+# 标记（c.@CIf / c.@CIfdef）是内部表示：用户写 c.CIf(...) 在 ExprParser 处报错。
+_CIF_KEYWORD: str = 'cif'
+_CELIF_KEYWORD: str = 'celif'
+_CELSE_KEYWORD: str = 'celse'
+# 内部 CIf 族标记：desugar 产出的调用名（用户不可写）。
+# 与 Viper 侧解析器（includes/ast/parser.vp 的 _MakeCifMarker）同拼写：属性名带前导 '@'，
+# 词法器无法产出该拼写，故用户写的 c.CIf(...) 永远不会命中此标记（会被 ExprParser 拒绝）。
+_CIF_MARKER: str = '@CIf'
+_CIFDEF_MARKER: str = '@CIfdef'
+# cif 语句起始判定：语句起始 NAME('cif') 后紧跟这些运算符时按普通语句（赋值/注解）
+# 处理，避免 `cif = 5` / `cif: int = 5` 被误判为 cif 语句。
+_CIF_NON_STATEMENT_OPS: frozenset[str] = frozenset({
+    '=', ':', '+=', '-=', '*=', '/=', '//=', '%=', '**=',
+    '<<=', '>>=', '&=', '|=', '^=', '@=',
+})
+
 
 class Parser(ExprParserMixin):
     """Viper/Python 完整语法分析器。"""
@@ -101,6 +127,10 @@ class Parser(ExprParserMixin):
     # "virtual def / novirtual def 只能直接写在类体内"。
     _InClassBody: bool = False
 
+    # _InCIfCond：当前是否正在解析 cif/celif 的条件表达式。用于判定 `defined(NAME)`
+    # 谓词的合法位置（仅 cif/celif 条件内合法，其余位置 FailFast）。
+    _InCIfCond: bool = False
+
     # ==================================================================
     # 模块级入口
     # ==================================================================
@@ -177,6 +207,15 @@ class Parser(ExprParserMixin):
             # struct 纯数据类型定义（硬关键字）：语句起始一律按 struct 定义解析。
             if v == _STRUCT_KEYWORD:
                 return self._ParseStructDef()
+            # cif 编译期条件编译（软关键字）：语句起始 + 非赋值/注解形态。
+            if v == _CIF_KEYWORD and self._IsCIfStatementStart():
+                return self._ParseCIf()
+            # celif / celse 必须属于某条 cif 链（由 _ParseCIf 直接消费）；
+            # 语句起始独立出现 ⇒ FailFast。
+            if v == _CELIF_KEYWORD or v == _CELSE_KEYWORD:
+                raise SyntaxError(
+                    f"'{v}' must belong to a 'cif' chain (no matching 'cif') "
+                    f"at line {tok.Line}")
             if v == 'if':
                 return self._ParseIf()
             if v == 'while':
@@ -1215,6 +1254,88 @@ class Parser(ExprParserMixin):
         self._FixLoc(node, start)
         return node
 
+    # ==================================================================
+    # cif / celif / celse 编译期条件编译（软关键字，desugar 到 c.CIf 标记）
+    # ==================================================================
+    def _IsCIfStatementStart(self) -> bool:
+        """语句起始 NAME('cif') 是否按 cif 语句解析。
+
+        排除赋值/注解形态（`cif = 5` / `cif: int = 5` / `cif += 1`）：
+        第二种 token 为 '=' ':' 或增强赋值运算符时按普通语句处理。
+        """
+        nxt: Token = self._Peek(1)
+        if nxt.Type == OP and nxt.Value in _CIF_NON_STATEMENT_OPS:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def _MakeCIfMarkerCall(self, attr: str, expr: N.expr, start: Token) -> N.Call:
+        """构造内部标记调用 `c.<attr>(expr)`（用户不可写；cif/defined 的 desugar）。"""
+        func: N.Attribute = N.Attribute(
+            value=N.Name(id='c', ctx=N.Load()), attr=attr, ctx=N.Load())
+        self._FixLoc(func, start)
+        call: N.Call = N.Call(func=func, args=[expr], keywords=[])
+        self._FixLoc(call, start)
+        return call
+
+    def _ParseCIf(self) -> N.If:
+        """`cif <expr>:`（+ 可选 celif/celse 链）。"""
+        start: Token = self._Next()  # cif
+        test: N.expr = self._ParseCIfCondition()
+        self._ExpectOp(':')
+        body: list[N.stmt] = self._ParseSuite()
+        orelse: list[N.stmt] = self._ParseCIfChainTail()
+        node: N.If = N.If(test=self._MakeCIfMarkerCall(_CIF_MARKER, test, start),
+                          body=body, orelse=orelse)
+        self._FixLoc(node, start)
+        return node
+
+    def _ParseCIfCondition(self) -> N.expr:
+        """解析 cif/celif 条件表达式，期间允许 `defined(NAME)` 谓词。"""
+        prev: bool = self._InCIfCond
+        self._InCIfCond = True
+        try:
+            return self.ParseExpr()
+        finally:
+            self._InCIfCond = prev
+
+    def _ParseCIfChainTail(self) -> list[N.stmt]:
+        """解析 cif 链尾部（celif/celse），返回 orelse 列表。
+
+        - 无 celif/celse：返回空（cif 链正常收尾）。
+        - 出现普通 elif/else：FailFast（cif 链必须以 celse 收尾）。
+        """
+        if self._AtName(_CELIF_KEYWORD):
+            return [self._ParseCelif()]
+        if self._AtName(_CELSE_KEYWORD):
+            self._Next()  # celse
+            self._ExpectOp(':')
+            body: list[N.stmt] = self._ParseSuite()
+            # celse 之后不得再出现 celif / celse（同缩进层级会落在本方法可见处）。
+            if self._AtName(_CELIF_KEYWORD) or self._AtName(_CELSE_KEYWORD):
+                bad_tok: Token = self._Peek()
+                raise SyntaxError(
+                    f"'{bad_tok.Value}' cannot follow 'celse' (the 'celse' branch must be "
+                    f"the last of the 'cif' chain) at line {bad_tok.Line}")
+            return body
+        if self._AtName('elif') or self._AtName('else'):
+            kind: str = self._Peek().Value
+            raise SyntaxError(
+                f"a 'cif' chain must be closed with 'celse', not '{kind}', "
+                f"at line {self._Peek().Line}")
+        return []
+
+    def _ParseCelif(self) -> N.If:
+        """`celif <expr>:`（cif 链的后续分支）。"""
+        start: Token = self._Next()  # celif
+        test: N.expr = self._ParseCIfCondition()
+        self._ExpectOp(':')
+        body: list[N.stmt] = self._ParseSuite()
+        orelse: list[N.stmt] = self._ParseCIfChainTail()
+        node: N.If = N.If(test=self._MakeCIfMarkerCall(_CIF_MARKER, test, start),
+                          body=body, orelse=orelse)
+        self._FixLoc(node, start)
+        return node
+
     def _ParseWhile(self) -> N.While:
         start: Token = self._Next()  # while
         test: N.expr = self.ParseExpr()
diff --git a/lib/vast_c/_parser.pyd b/lib/vast_c/_parser.pyd
index 9e5184d..1cdbe58 100644
Binary files a/lib/vast_c/_parser.pyd and b/lib/vast_c/_parser.pyd differ
diff --git a/lib/vast_c/vast_c.c b/lib/vast_c/vast_c.c
index 46e47fb..8df093e 100644
--- a/lib/vast_c/vast_c.c
+++ b/lib/vast_c/vast_c.c
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ typedef struct {
     int FStringExprEnd;   /* f-string 表达式段结束位置（body 内偏移） */
     int InTypeAnnotation; /* 类型注解模式：'*'/'**' 允许按 C 风格指针后缀判定 */
     int InClassBody;      /* 当前套件的直接拥有者是否为 ClassDef（virtual def 判据） */
+    int InCIfCond;        /* 是否正在解析 cif/celif 条件（defined(NAME) 合法位置判据） */
     Token *PtrSuffixTail; /* 最近消费的 C 指针后缀尾 token（识别 (T*)x 无括号强转） */
 } Parser;
 
@@ -2652,6 +2653,8 @@ static PyObject *ConsumePtrSuffix(Parser *P, PyObject *Node) {
 }
 
 static PyObject *ParseCallTail(Parser *P, PyObject *Func, Token *Start);
+static PyObject *DesugarSpecialCall(Parser *P, PyObject *Node, Token *Start);
+static PyObject *MakeCifMarkerCall(Parser *P, const char *AttrName, PyObject *Expr, Token *Start);
 
 /* 判定当前位置的 '*'/'**' 串是否为 `T*(x)` 形式的指针后缀**强转调用**
  * （对齐 Python ExprParser._AtPtrSuffixCall）：
@@ -2709,13 +2712,64 @@ static PyObject *ConsumePtrSuffixCall(Parser *P, PyObject *Base, Token *Start) {
     return Call;
 }
 
-/* 类型注解入口：置注解模式标志（对齐 Python ExprParser._ParseTypeAnnotation）。 */
+/* 类型注解入口：置注解模式标志（对齐 Python ExprParser._ParseTypeAnnotation）。
+ *
+ * 值引用参数注解（仅形参位有效，对齐纯 Python 端）：
+ *   前导 '&' + 可选名 'temp'，合成联合形态 base | t.CRef（ref）/ base | t.CTempRef（temp）。
+ *   CRef/CTempRef 非真实类，仅作注解 AST 内的名字标记（语义侧按名字识别）。
+ *   '&'/'&temp' 之后缺类型（行尾 / ')' / ',' / ':' / '=' / ']' / '}' / ';'）时响亮失败。 */
 static PyObject *ParseTypeAnnotation(Parser *P) {
+    int RefTemp = 0; /* 0=非值引用 1=ref 2=temp */
+    Token *RefTok = PeekTok(P, 0);
+    if (AtOp(P, "&")) {
+        NextTok(P);
+        if (AtName(P, "temp")) {
+            NextTok(P);
+            RefTemp = 2;
+        } else {
+            RefTemp = 1;
+        }
+        Token *End = PeekTok(P, 0);
+        if (End->Kind == TK_NEWLINE || End->Kind == TK_NL
+            || End->Kind == TK_ENDMARKER
+            || TokIsOp(End, ")") || TokIsOp(End, ",") || TokIsOp(End, ":")
+            || TokIsOp(End, "=") || TokIsOp(End, "]") || TokIsOp(End, "}")
+            || TokIsOp(End, ";")) {
+            SyntaxErrorAt(P, End,
+                "值引用参数注解缺少类型：`&` 后必须紧跟类型 T（ref：`&T`；temp：`&temp T`）");
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
     int Saved = P->InTypeAnnotation;
     P->InTypeAnnotation = 1;
     PyObject *Node = ParseExpr(P);
     P->InTypeAnnotation = Saved;
-    return Node;
+    if (Node == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (RefTemp == 0) {
+        return Node;
+    }
+    PyObject *Marker = MakeTAttrNode(P, RefTemp == 2 ? "CTempRef" : "CRef");
+    if (Marker == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(Node);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *Op = MakeSingleton(P, "BitOr");
+    if (Op == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(Node);
+        Py_DECREF(Marker);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *Argv[3] = { Node, Op, Marker };
+    PyObject *Wrap = NewNode(P, "BinOp", Argv, 3);
+    Py_DECREF(Op);
+    Py_DECREF(Marker);
+    Py_DECREF(Node);
+    if (Wrap != NULL) {
+        FixLoc(P, Wrap, RefTok);
+    }
+    return Wrap;
 }
 
 /* term：factor (*|/|//|%|@ factor)* */
@@ -3008,10 +3062,127 @@ static PyObject *ParseCallTail(Parser *P, PyObject *Func, Token *Start) {
     Py_DECREF(Keywords);
     if (Node != NULL) {
         FixLoc(P, Node, Start);
+        Node = DesugarSpecialCall(P, Node, Start);
     }
     return Node;
 }
 
+/* 被调用者限定名：Name('X')→'X'；Attribute(Name('c'),'X')→'c.X'；否则 NULL（无异常）。 */
+static PyObject *MakeCifMarkerCall(Parser *P, const char *AttrName, PyObject *Expr, Token *Start);
+static PyObject *CalleeQualName(PyObject *Func) {
+    if (NodeIs(Func, "Name")) {
+        return PyObject_GetAttrString(Func, "id");
+    }
+    if (NodeIs(Func, "Attribute")) {
+        PyObject *Value = PyObject_GetAttrString(Func, "value");
+        PyObject *Attr = PyObject_GetAttrString(Func, "attr");
+        PyObject *Result = NULL;
+        if (Value != NULL && Attr != NULL && NodeIs(Value, "Name")) {
+            PyObject *Id = PyObject_GetAttrString(Value, "id");
+            if (Id != NULL) {
+                Result = PyUnicode_FromFormat("%U.%U", Id, Attr);
+                Py_DECREF(Id);
+            }
+        }
+        Py_XDECREF(Value);
+        Py_XDECREF(Attr);
+        return Result;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static int StrIsOneOf(PyObject *S, const char *const *Names) {
+    for (int I = 0; Names[I] != NULL; I++) {
+        if (PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString(S, Names[I]) == 0) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* 调用点特殊 desugar / fail-fast：接管 Node 的引用，返回新引用（失败返回 NULL）。
+ * - defined(NAME)：仅 cif/celif 条件内合法（P->InCIfCond）⇒ desugar 为 c.@CIfdef(NAME)；
+ *   其余位置 ⇒ FailFast。
+ * - c.CIf / c.CIfdef / c.CIfndef（及裸名）：已删除 ⇒ FailFast，指向原生新语法。 */
+static PyObject *DesugarSpecialCall(Parser *P, PyObject *Node, Token *Start) {
+    PyObject *Func = PyObject_GetAttrString(Node, "func");
+    if (Func == NULL) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        return Node;
+    }
+    /* 廉价预筛：只看标识符短名（Name.id / Attribute.attr），与 cif 无关的调用一律
+     * 立即返回，避免在解析热路径上为每个调用构造限定名并分配字符串。 */
+    PyObject *Short = NULL;
+    if (NodeIs(Func, "Name")) {
+        Short = PyObject_GetAttrString(Func, "id");
+    } else if (NodeIs(Func, "Attribute")) {
+        Short = PyObject_GetAttrString(Func, "attr");
+    }
+    if (Short == NULL) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        Py_DECREF(Func);
+        return Node;
+    }
+    static const char *Interesting[] = {"CIf", "CIfdef", "CIfndef", "defined", NULL};
+    int Hit = StrIsOneOf(Short, Interesting);
+    Py_DECREF(Short);
+    if (!Hit) {
+        Py_DECREF(Func);
+        return Node;
+    }
+    PyObject *Callee = CalleeQualName(Func);
+    Py_DECREF(Func);
+    if (Callee == NULL) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        return Node;
+    }
+    static const char *Removed[] = {
+        "CIf", "CIfdef", "CIfndef", "c.CIf", "c.CIfdef", "c.CIfndef", NULL
+    };
+    if (StrIsOneOf(Callee, Removed)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+            "'%U(...)' has been removed; use the native 'cif' / 'celif' / 'celse' "
+            "statements together with the 'defined(NAME)' predicate instead, at line %d",
+            Callee, Start->Line);
+        Py_DECREF(Callee);
+        Py_DECREF(Node);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString(Callee, "defined") == 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(Callee);
+        if (!P->InCIfCond) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+                "'defined(NAME)' is only allowed inside a 'cif' / 'celif' condition, at line %d",
+                Start->Line);
+            Py_DECREF(Node);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        PyObject *Args = PyObject_GetAttrString(Node, "args");
+        PyObject *Kw = PyObject_GetAttrString(Node, "keywords");
+        PyObject *Arg0 = NULL;
+        if (Args != NULL && Kw != NULL && PyList_Check(Args) && PyList_Check(Kw)
+                && PyList_GET_SIZE(Args) == 1 && PyList_GET_SIZE(Kw) == 0) {
+            Arg0 = PyList_GetItem(Args, 0); /* borrowed */
+        }
+        if (Arg0 == NULL) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+                "'defined' expects exactly one macro name (e.g. defined(MAX_SIZE)), at line %d",
+                Start->Line);
+            Py_XDECREF(Args);
+            Py_XDECREF(Kw);
+            Py_DECREF(Node);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        PyObject *Marker = MakeCifMarkerCall(P, "@CIfdef", Arg0, Start);
+        Py_XDECREF(Args);
+        Py_XDECREF(Kw);
+        Py_DECREF(Node);
+        return Marker;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(Callee);
+    return Node;
+}
+
 static PyObject *ParseSliceList(Parser *P);
 static PyObject *ParseSliceItem(Parser *P);
 
@@ -4324,6 +4495,12 @@ static PyObject *ParseSimpleStmt(Parser *P);
 static PyObject *ParseSuite(Parser *P);
 static PyObject *ParseSuiteOwned(Parser *P, int OwnerIsClass);
 static PyObject *ParseIf(Parser *P);
+static PyObject *ParseCIf(Parser *P);
+static PyObject *ParseCelif(Parser *P);
+static PyObject *ParseCIfChainTail(Parser *P);
+static PyObject *MakeCifMarkerCall(Parser *P, const char *AttrName, PyObject *Expr, Token *Start);
+static int IsCIfStatementStart(Parser *P);
+static PyObject *DesugarSpecialCall(Parser *P, PyObject *Node, Token *Start);
 static PyObject *ParseWhile(Parser *P);
 static PyObject *ParseFor(Parser *P, int IsAsync);
 static PyObject *ParseTry(Parser *P);
@@ -4437,6 +4614,22 @@ static PyObject *ParseStatement(Parser *P) {
         if (TokIsName(T, "struct")) {
             return ParseStructDef(P, NULL);
         }
+        /* cif 编译期条件编译（软关键字）：语句起始 + 非赋值/注解形态 */
+        if (TokIsName(T, "cif") && IsCIfStatementStart(P)) {
+            return ParseCIf(P);
+        }
+        /* celif / celse 必须属于某条 cif 链（由 ParseCIf 直接消费）；
+         * 语句起始独立出现 ⇒ FailFast */
+        if (TokIsName(T, "celif")) {
+            SyntaxErrorAt(P, T,
+                "'celif' must belong to a 'cif' chain (no matching 'cif')");
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        if (TokIsName(T, "celse")) {
+            SyntaxErrorAt(P, T,
+                "'celse' must belong to a 'cif' chain (no matching 'cif')");
+            return NULL;
+        }
         if (TokIsName(T, "if")) {
             return ParseIf(P);
         }
@@ -6023,6 +6216,227 @@ static PyObject *ParseIf(Parser *P) {
     return Node;
 }
 
+/* ===================== cif / celif / celse 编译期条件编译 =====================
+ * 软关键字：语句起始 NAME('cif') 后非赋值/注解形态 ⇒ cif 语句。
+ * 解析期 desugar 为既有「If + c.@CIf 标记调用」形状（与纯 Python / Viper 侧一致）：
+ *   cif E:   → If(test=c.@CIf(E), body, orelse)
+ *   celif E: → 同链下一个 If(test=c.@CIf(E), ...)（挂在上一支 orelse）
+ *   celse:   → 普通 orelse
+ * 标记 c.@CIf / c.@CIfdef 由本解析器合成（属性名前导 '@' 词法器不可产出），
+ * 用户写 c.CIf 在表达式处 FailFast。 */
+
+/* cif 语句起始判定：第二 token 为 '=' ':' 或增强赋值 ⇒ 非 cif 语句（cif = 5）。 */
+static int IsCIfStatementStart(Parser *P) {
+    Token *N = PeekTok(P, 1);
+    if (N->Kind != TK_OP) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    static const char *Ops[] = {
+        "=", ":", "+=", "-=", "*=", "/=", "//=", "%=", "**=",
+        "<<=", ">>=", "&=", "|=", "^=", "@=", NULL
+    };
+    for (int I = 0; Ops[I] != NULL; I++) {
+        if (TokIsOp(N, Ops[I])) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/* 构造内部标记调用 `c.<AttrName>(Expr)`（用户不可写）。 */
+static PyObject *MakeCifMarkerCall(Parser *P, const char *AttrName, PyObject *Expr, Token *Start) {
+    PyObject *Load1 = MakeCtx(P, "Load");
+    PyObject *IdC = Load1 ? PyUnicode_FromString("c") : NULL;
+    if (Load1 == NULL || IdC == NULL) {
+        Py_XDECREF(Load1);
+        Py_XDECREF(IdC);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *NameArgv[2] = { IdC, Load1 };
+    PyObject *NameNode = NewNode(P, "Name", NameArgv, 2);
+    Py_DECREF(IdC);
+    Py_DECREF(Load1);
+    if (NameNode == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    FixLoc(P, NameNode, Start);
+    PyObject *Load2 = MakeCtx(P, "Load");
+    PyObject *AttrStr = Load2 ? PyUnicode_FromString(AttrName) : NULL;
+    if (Load2 == NULL || AttrStr == NULL) {
+        Py_XDECREF(Load2);
+        Py_XDECREF(AttrStr);
+        Py_DECREF(NameNode);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *AttrArgv[3] = { NameNode, AttrStr, Load2 };
+    PyObject *AttrNode = NewNode(P, "Attribute", AttrArgv, 3);
+    Py_DECREF(AttrStr);
+    Py_DECREF(Load2);
+    Py_DECREF(NameNode);
+    if (AttrNode == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    FixLoc(P, AttrNode, Start);
+    PyObject *Args = NewList();
+    PyObject *Kw = NewList();
+    if (Args == NULL || Kw == NULL) {
+        Py_XDECREF(Args);
+        Py_XDECREF(Kw);
+        Py_DECREF(AttrNode);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyList_Append(Args, Expr);
+    PyObject *CallArgv[3] = { AttrNode, Args, Kw };
+    PyObject *CallNode = NewNode(P, "Call", CallArgv, 3);
+    Py_DECREF(Args);
+    Py_DECREF(Kw);
+    Py_DECREF(AttrNode);
+    if (CallNode == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    FixLoc(P, CallNode, Start);
+    return CallNode;
+}
+
+/* 解析 cif/celif 条件表达式：期间允许 defined(NAME) 谓词。 */
+static PyObject *ParseCIfCondition(Parser *P) {
+    int Prev = P->InCIfCond;
+    P->InCIfCond = 1;
+    PyObject *E = ParseExpr(P);
+    P->InCIfCond = Prev;
+    return E;
+}
+
+/* `cif <expr>:` + 可选 celif/celse 链 */
+static PyObject *ParseCIf(Parser *P) {
+    Token *Start = NextTok(P); /* cif */
+    PyObject *Test = ParseCIfCondition(P);
+    if (Test == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (!ExpectOp(P, ":")) {
+        Py_DECREF(Test);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *Body = ParseSuite(P);
+    if (Body == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(Test);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *Marker = MakeCifMarkerCall(P, "@CIf", Test, Start);
+    Py_DECREF(Test);
+    if (Marker == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(Body);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *Orelse = ParseCIfChainTail(P);
+    if (Orelse == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(Marker);
+        Py_DECREF(Body);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *Argv[3] = { Marker, Body, Orelse };
+    PyObject *Node = NewNode(P, "If", Argv, 3);
+    Py_DECREF(Marker);
+    Py_DECREF(Body);
+    Py_DECREF(Orelse);
+    if (Node != NULL) {
+        FixLoc(P, Node, Start);
+    }
+    return Node;
+}
+
+/* `celif <expr>:`（cif 链的后续分支） */
+static PyObject *ParseCelif(Parser *P) {
+    Token *Start = NextTok(P); /* celif */
+    PyObject *Test = ParseCIfCondition(P);
+    if (Test == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (!ExpectOp(P, ":")) {
+        Py_DECREF(Test);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *Body = ParseSuite(P);
+    if (Body == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(Test);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *Marker = MakeCifMarkerCall(P, "@CIf", Test, Start);
+    Py_DECREF(Test);
+    if (Marker == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(Body);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *Orelse = ParseCIfChainTail(P);
+    if (Orelse == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(Marker);
+        Py_DECREF(Body);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *Argv[3] = { Marker, Body, Orelse };
+    PyObject *Node = NewNode(P, "If", Argv, 3);
+    Py_DECREF(Marker);
+    Py_DECREF(Body);
+    Py_DECREF(Orelse);
+    if (Node != NULL) {
+        FixLoc(P, Node, Start);
+    }
+    return Node;
+}
+
+/* cif 链尾部（celif/celse）→ orelse 列表；错配 ⇒ FailFast（静态报文）。 */
+static PyObject *ParseCIfChainTail(Parser *P) {
+    if (AtName(P, "celif")) {
+        PyObject *Nested = ParseCelif(P);
+        if (Nested == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        PyObject *L = NewList();
+        if (L == NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(Nested);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        PyList_Append(L, Nested);
+        Py_DECREF(Nested);
+        return L;
+    }
+    if (AtName(P, "celse")) {
+        NextTok(P);
+        if (!ExpectOp(P, ":")) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        PyObject *Body = ParseSuite(P);
+        if (Body == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        if (AtName(P, "celif")) {
+            SyntaxErrorAt(P, PeekTok(P, 0),
+                "'celif' cannot follow 'celse' (the 'celse' branch must be the last of the 'cif' chain)");
+            Py_DECREF(Body);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        if (AtName(P, "celse")) {
+            SyntaxErrorAt(P, PeekTok(P, 0),
+                "'celse' cannot follow 'celse' (the 'celse' branch must be the last of the 'cif' chain)");
+            Py_DECREF(Body);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        return Body;
+    }
+    if (AtName(P, "elif")) {
+        SyntaxErrorAt(P, PeekTok(P, 0),
+            "a 'cif' chain must be closed with 'celse', not 'elif'");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (AtName(P, "else")) {
+        SyntaxErrorAt(P, PeekTok(P, 0),
+            "a 'cif' chain must be closed with 'celse', not 'else'");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return NewList();
+}
+
 /* while / else */
 static PyObject *ParseWhile(Parser *P) {
     Token *Start = NextTok(P); /* while */
@@ -7265,15 +7679,16 @@ static PyObject *VastC_Parse(PyObject *Self, PyObject *Args, PyObject *Kwargs) {
     P.FStringExprEnd = 0;
     P.InTypeAnnotation = 0;
     P.InClassBody = 0;
+    P.InCIfCond = 0;
     P.PtrSuffixTail = NULL;
     PyObject *Tree = ParseModule(&P);
-    PyMem_Free(Tokens);
-    PyMem_Free(LineStarts);
     if (Tree == NULL) {
         if (P.Error) {
             /* 报错必须自足可定位：带上 类型名 + token 原文 + 行号，措辞与
              * Python ExprParser 的 `unexpected token OP('*') at line N` 一致，
-             * 这样 `[vast] C 解析器失败，回退纯 Python：<文件>: …` 一行即可定位。 */
+             * 这样 `[vast] C 解析器失败，回退纯 Python：<文件>: …` 一行即可定位。
+             * 注意：P.ErrTok 指向 Tokens 数组内部，必须在 PyMem_Free 之前读取
+             * （否则读到 free 链表指针，首个 token 会被写成 ENDMARKER('')）。 */
             char TokBuf[64];
             const char *TokName = "ENDMARKER";
             TokBuf[0] = '\0';
@@ -7296,8 +7711,12 @@ static PyObject *VastC_Parse(PyObject *Self, PyObject *Args, PyObject *Kwargs) {
                          P.ErrMsg ? P.ErrMsg : "vast_c: syntax error",
                          TokName, TokBuf, P.ErrLine);
         }
+        PyMem_Free(Tokens);
+        PyMem_Free(LineStarts);
         return NULL;
     }
+    PyMem_Free(Tokens);
+    PyMem_Free(LineStarts);
     if (strcmp(Mode, "exec") == 0) {
         return Tree;
     }